STROPHOCHEILUS. 



1777. SCOPOLI, in the Introductio ad Historiam Naturalium, 

 restricts the genus Helix of Linnaeus, and proposes BULEMUS 

 ADANS. Testa univalvis, non umhilicata ; apertura ovali. Mollus- 

 cum tentaculis binis, basi appendiculatis ; puncto ophtalmoide dis- 

 tincto aut radicali SWAMMERDAM. Tab. IX, Fig. 4. 



" Helix putris, frag His, stagnates, tentaculata LINN, nee non alias non 

 paucse terrestres Cl. MULLERII." 



The figure of Swamraerdam referred to as representing the char- 

 acters of animal, represents a Dutch Limncea, species uncertain, prob- 

 ably stagnalis or palustris. The Linnsean species cited are : Helix 

 putris (=Succinea amphibia Auct.), H. fragilis and stagnalis (= 

 Limncea'), and H. tentaculata (=Bythinia). It will be noted that no 

 land shells are named. This is the first appearance of the name 

 Bulimus in scientific literature. 



As Scopoli quotes the name as of Adanson, it has been surmised 

 that " Bulimus " was a typographical error for " Buliuus." Whether 

 this was the case or not would have absolutely no effect upon our 

 use of the name, for (1) Scopoli's group does not rest upon Adanson 

 for its elucidation, nor does he refer to Adanson's page or plate ; (2) 

 that it was a typographical error cannot be proven ; it may have 

 been an emendation on etymological grounds, and Scopoli's subse- 

 quent use of the same orthography would show it to have been a 

 deliberate change; and finally (3) Adanson being pre-Liunsean can- 

 not prejudice properly proposed post-Linnaean names. 



It would appear that Bulimus Scopoli, by the process of elimina- 

 tion, must replace the generic name Bythinla. Conf. Dall, Trans. 

 Wagner, Free Inst. Sci. iii, p. 334, and Smith, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 636. 



1781. O. F. MULLER, in Der Naturforscher, pp. 1-20, Geschi- 

 chte der Perlen-Blasen, gave an exhaustive account of Physa fontin- 

 alis (Planorbis bulla Mull.) with figures, noticing particularly the 

 digitated mantle-edge, etc. and proposing to restrict Planorbis to the 

 flat shells, and adopt the Adansonian name Bulinus for the length- 

 ened forms, of which he enumerates : 



1, BULINUS perla, the present " Perlen-Blasen." 

 Planorbis bulla. Verm, test., 353. 



2, BULINUS turritus. 



Planorbis turritus. Verm, test., 354. 



