Explanation of Terms. 



Whether great or small, we find that phaenogamous, or flowering, plants 

 are provided with, as organs of vegetation, roots, stems and leaves; and 

 that they may continue their race they produce flowers, which later mature 

 fruit and seeds, these latter being known as the organs of reproduction. 



Beginning with the Roots, those underground parts which absorb water 

 and mineral substances from the soil, and anchor, especially the larger 

 plants, in an upright position, we observe that they grow downward, away 

 from the light, are usually much branched and produce many rootlets. 



Aerial Roots, on the contrary, are a form which are produced in the open 

 air. 



Parasites are those plants, often without green colouring matter, the 

 roots of which, or what answer for roots, are interwoven with other vegeta- 

 tion from which they drain their nourishment. 



Saprophytic plants grow exclusively on dead vegetable matter. 



Epiphytes are not parasitic plants, although they grow usually on other 

 forms of growth. 



Stems sometimes grow underground and assume somewhat the charac- 

 ter of roots. As examples, the rootstock, tuber and bulb are common. 



Tubers are the enlargements at the ends of a rootstock. Usually they 

 are possessed of eyes, or buds. The common potato is a familiar example 

 of a tuber. 



A Corm is simply a rounded rootstock. 



A Bulb, while similar in shape to a corm, is made up of fleshy scales. 



Exogenous Stems (outside growing) are those which are associated with 

 the greater number of our trees, shrubs and herbs. In them the cellular 

 tissue or pith of the centre is surrounded by a zone of wood, encased in its 

 turn by an outer bark. 



Endogenous Stems (inside growing) have no separate arrangement of 

 pith, wood and bark. Simply throughout their interior wood fibre is 

 irregularly scattered. 



When speaking of herbs, those stems which grow up vertically are called 

 Erect, 



