XXX 



EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 



moist and rough, that it may better retain the pollen that falls on its sur- 

 face. 



After such pollen grains have touched the stigma they send forth from 

 their under surfaces minute tubes, which pierce through the style until an 

 ovule- in the ovary below is reached and quickened into life. This process 

 is known as that of Fertilization. 



Cross-Fertilization takes place when the stigma of one flower receives 

 through some extraneous agency, such as animal life or the wind, the pollen 

 from a stamen in another than its own flower-cup. 



Self-Fertilization, on the contrary, is when the stigma receives the pollen 



5TIGMA 



5TYLE 



OVARY 



Parts of Pistil. 

 FIG. 48. 



Capsule. 

 FIG. 50. 



from a stamen borne in the same cup as itself. In general this is not 

 regarded as being as beneficial as when cross-fertilization takes place, and to 

 prevent its occurrence flowers are often most curiously constructed. 



The Ovary is that part of the pistil which enlarges into the fruit, or seed 

 vessel, and the ovules then grow into seeds. 



A Carpel is a part of a compound ovary. 



Fleshy Fruits are such as berries, wherein the ovary has become pulpy, 

 or fleshy. 



A Pome is another sort of fleshy fruit. It shows the calyx-tube as 

 adherent to the ovary and forming the greater part of the fruit. Apples are 

 familiar pomes. 



Stone Fruits are those w^hich are partly hard and partly fleshy. 



A Drupe, such as a peach, or cherry, is a stone fruit. The outer part of 

 the ovary has in ripening become soft like a berry, while the inner part has 

 hardened. 



Dry Fruits are those wherein the seed vessel hardens, remains herbaceous, 

 or else is membranous in texture. 



