.THE PINE FAMILY. 17 



and opening to the base when ripe. ScaL's : six to ten ; oblong ; without points ; 

 smooth. Scrc/s : one or two, with thin broad wings notched at the apex. 



While always a tree of distinct and beautiful habit, the arbor vitie does 

 not attain in the south the ample proportions, nor grow as abundantly, as it 

 does northward. In fact, along the mountainous streams of the Alleghanies, 

 where, however, it is only found at high elevations, it is a rather small tree. 

 Perhaps there is none other which in formal gardening has been so great a 

 favourite, and as a result of its constant subjection to cultivation many ex- 

 traordinary varieties are being produced. Besides being used for one of the 

 most compact and lively coloured hedges, the plant is sometimes chosen to 

 cut into fantastic shapes, a hideous fashion, which, however, calls forth a 

 certain amount of wonder, especially if, as one I recently saw, the outline 

 is in imitation of a peacock. 



As a tree necessary to everyday welfare the arbor vit^e was long known 

 to the Canadian Indians who used it in the construction of their canoes 

 and partly made their baskets from its thick layers of sapwood. The wood 

 is fragrant and in colour a pale, yellowish brown. With the fresh branches 

 brooms are made and a tincture is procured from the young growth through 

 a process known to the " yarb doctors." Another of its benefits is its 

 power of curing warts. 



FLORIDA PENCIL CEDAR. (F/a/e VII.) 

 Juniperus barbadcnsis. 



FAMILY SHAPE HEIGHT . RANGE TIME OF BLOOM 



Pine. Conic, irregular \^-\ofcet Florida to Mississippi Aftil, May. 



when old. or more. and Texas. 



Bark: reddish brown, and separating into long shreds. Inner bark : smooth, 

 polished. Branches: greyish; rather smooth. Leaves: tiny; simple ; opposite ; 

 sessile; scale-like, ovate, ]K)inted at the a])ex and overlapping each other as they 

 grow along the four-sided, slender branchlets ; evergreen. F/owers : dioecious ; 

 growing in aments. Cones : fleshy ; berry-like ; blue ; short peduncled, globular, or 

 slightly ovate. 



It has now been finally settled by American botanists after a long strug- 

 gle that this beautiful plant is a distinct species ; most text books having 

 formerly referred it to the red cedar, [ini/pt-nis J^/ri^/;u\nia. It is found 

 usually near tlie coast and is extremely attractive when its misty tinted, 

 berry-like cones are sprinkled among the soft, sage-green of its foliage. 

 They are somewhat srnaller and inclined to be more ovate than the fruit of 

 the common species. The little branchlets are particularly slender and pli- 

 able. To see the inflorescence of the tree a magnifying power of one 

 hundred degrees is required. 



For a long time the wood of this tree has been held in the highest esteem 



