THE ELM FAMILY, 141 



confined to the south between Vh-ginia and Florida. Its crown is open and 

 either oval or rounded while the branches are marked by wide, corky ridges, 

 wing-like in appearance. For an elm, the tree's foliage is small, the leaves 

 averaging about one and a half inches long. About their margins they are 

 doubly serrate and somewhat rough on their upper surfaces. The samaras 

 which are pubescent are surrounded with a close, silky fringe. 



U. fi'dva, the slippery, or red elm which as weir occurs through our 

 range, has greyish, rough branches quite without corky wings. A well 

 marked feature of the leaves also is the extreme roughness on their upper 

 sides and their comparatively soft pubescence underneath. The semi-orbic- 

 ular samaras have a winged and unciliate margin which is considerably 

 wider than the small seed. But by its slippery and fragrant inner bark the 

 tree is best known ; it being found good to chew on by country folk and 

 also greedily sought by herbalists. The name red elm has been associated 

 with the tree on account of the reddish colour of its wood. It is also 

 known as the moose elm. 



U. Americana, American, or white elm although occurring through our 

 range as far southward as Florida, has hardly so recognised a place, nor is 

 it loved with so deep an affection as it is in its true home, New England. 

 Much too well known is it, however, to need a close description. Through 

 its gracefully arched branches it stands always a distinctive feature on the 

 landscape, spreading its spray-like crown like that of a great fountain. 

 Further it may be known because its branches are without cork/ wings ; its 

 foliage almost smooth above and showing at maturity small traces under- 

 neath of its early pubescence. In drooping clusters the very small flowers 

 grow and appear earfy in the season, some time, in fact, before the leaves. 



To this beautiful tree there has been attached since the early days of 

 America strong feelings of sentiment. In New England are still a number 

 of historical individuals as well as those famous for their size and venerable 

 age, while in the early days of Massachusetts the Indians carried them to 

 the white man's door to plant as a tribute of friendship. 



In parts of the old country the native elm is held to be symbolical of St. 

 Zenobias, as one that was supposed to be dead budded and burst into life 

 when the coffin of that saint was carried by. 



SOUTHERN HACKBERRY. 



Celt is Mississippii'nsis. 



(EIGHT RANGE 



>8oy"<?^/. Texns^ Florida a 



souri to North Ci 



Bark: light grey, rough, with wart-like excrescences. Lid'xs : ovate or 



FAMILY SHAPE HEIGHT RANGE TIME OF BLOOM 



E/m. Broad: dra Hi lies 6o-io/eet. Texns^ Florida and Mis' A foil. 



drooping. souri to North Carolina. Fruit: Jit/y, A ngitst. 



