THE ROSE FAMILY. 237 



that they do this, quite as well as we vaguely recall their misty bloom, and 

 yet, few may have stopped to think that this is a strong point of distinction 

 between them and the blackberries, the fruits of which cling always to the 

 receptacle, 



R. sirigbsus, wild red raspberry, has bristly, light brownish stems, quite 

 free from any bloom, aiul which are so branched that the plant appears 

 very shrubby. Of the three to seven foliate leaves a very pretty feature is 

 the dense silvery pubescence lining them on the under side, while the 

 bright red fruit has also a faint, white bloom. From these two species of 

 raspberries many of our cultivated ones have been produced. 



BLACKBERRY. 



Riibiis CcDiadhisis. 



Fhnoers : growing loosely in leafy racemes with slender, ascending and 

 pubescent pedicels with linear-lanceolate bracts at their bases. Calyx: with 

 five, lanceolate, pubescent sepals. Corolla : with five rounded, rosaceous petals. 

 Stamens : numerous. Leaves : three to five foliate with long petioles, pubescent 

 when young. Leaflets: oval or ovate ; long pointed at the apex and either 

 rounded or narrowed at the base; dentate, often doubly so; thin, glabrous on 

 both sides. A shrub, over three feet high and at times ten feet. Stems : 

 ascending, mostly without thorns, richly coloured. 



" Blackberries are green when they are red." 



An interesting bit of history in connection with this very handsome 

 blackberry is that, through the misapplication of the name, it had been lost 

 to science, and was only rediscovered in 1890, and then at an altitude of 

 3,500 feet in the mountains of western Virginia. Dr. Britton named it in 

 honour of the collector, Rubus Millspaughii. As interpreted by Professor 

 Brainerd, this is the same species which LinucEus in 1753 christened Rubus 

 Canadensis, the specimens of which had been collected by the Swedish tra- 

 veller Kalm from the French settlements of the St. Lawrence and Lake 

 Champlain. It is, in fact, a common individual through high dry places in 

 New England and the Adirondacks, as well as in the southern mountains 

 and was thus the first of the American blackberries to be recognised by 

 scientists. The fruits it bears, also, are quite the most delightfully flavoured 

 of all the wild blackberries. 



R. nigrobaccus, high bush blackberry, stands uprightly, and is abundantly 

 found along waysides and through clearings. Its broadly oval fruit, with 

 persistent stamens and calyx at its base ; prickly stems and pubescent or 

 glandular pubescent foliage ; and its rather large white flowers growing on 



