DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 19 



one of the molars is found to be carious, it should be extracted. 

 When the crown of the tooth has been destroyed and only the stump 

 or root is left, extraction will be impracticable. In such cases it is 

 best to sell the animal to the butcher unless it have special value, in 

 which case the root stumps may be removed by a veterinarian by the 

 operation of trephining. 



ACTINOMYCOSIS OF THE JAWBONES (BIG JAW OR LUMPY JAW). 



[See Actinomycosis, p. 447.] 



INFLAMMATION OF MUCOUS MEMBEANE OF MOUTH (STOMATITIS.) 



The membrane of the mouth may become inflamed by cattle eating 

 some irritating substance or plant, or little vesicles may form in the 

 mouths of calves when they are affected with indigestion, constitu- 

 ting what is termed aphtha. 



Symptoms. — The saliva dribbles from the mouth, and when the 

 mouth is examined the surface of the tongue and other parts will 

 appear red and inflamed. When young animals are affected with 

 the form of disease termed aphtha, small red elevations will be ob- 

 served on the tongue and other parts of the mouth, having little 

 white points on their centers, which consists of the epithelium of the 

 mucous membrane raised into vesicles. These white patches are suc- 

 ceeded by ulcerated surfaces, which are caused by the shedding of 

 the white patches of epithelium. 



Treatment. — When there is merely a reddened and inflamed con- 

 dition of the mucous membrane of the mouth, it will suffice to syringe 

 it out several times a day with 4 ounces of the following solution : 

 Alum, 1 ounce; water, 2 pints. When the edges of the tongue and 

 other parts of the mouth are studded with ulcers, these should be 

 painted over once a day, until the affected surface is healed, with the 

 following solution; Permanganate of potash, 20 grains; water, 1 

 ounce. When indigestion is associated with an ulcerated condition 

 of the mouth, separate treatment is required. 



ULCERATIVE STOMATITIS (OB ULCERS IN THE MOUTHS OF YOUNG CALVES). 



[See Necrotic stomatitis, p. 470.] 



INDURATION OF THE TONGUE (ACTINOMYCOSIS). 



[ See Actinomycosis, p. 447.] 



DISEASES OF THE PHARYNX AND GULi,ET. 



PHARYNGITIS ( SORE THROAT). 



This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the 

 pharynx. It is frequently associated with inflammatory disease^s of 

 the respiratory tract, such as laryngitis and bronchitis or pleurisy. 



