92 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



afterwards a watery discharge appears, and later on in severe cases 

 the discharge becomes mucopurulent. In mild cases there is little or 

 no fever, but in severe cases the fever may run high. The animal 

 becomes dull, languid, and is not inclined to move about, and the ap- 

 petite may become impaired; there is variable temperature of the 

 horns and ears. If in a cow giving milk, the secretion diminishes; 

 the mucus from the eyes and nose becomes thicker and yellower. 

 Afterwards, as the symptoms increase in severity, the discharge be- 

 comes mucopurulent. 



Treatment. — The animal should be housed in a well-ventilated 

 place, with good hygenic surroundings. In cold and damp weather 

 it should be kept warm with blanketing. Give hot, medicated inha- 

 lations in severe cases. If the fever is high this may be reduced by 

 giving nitrate of potassium, from 1 to 2 ounces, in the drinking water, 

 three times daily. Diffusible stimulants are beneficial in most cases. 

 Too much importance can not be attached to good nursing. There is 

 no necessity to resort to the old system of bleeding, purging, or the 

 use of powerful sedatives. 



EPISTAXIS (bleeding FROM THE NOSe). 



Bleeding from the nostrils is rather rare in cattle. It may arise 

 from any one of a variety of causes, but usually results from disease 

 or injury to the mucous membranes, or to violent exertions in cough- 

 ing and sneezing. It is seldom serious. The bleeding generally oc- 

 curs in drops from one nostril only, accompanied by sneezing, and 

 without frothing. Bleeding from the lungs comes from both nostrils, 

 is bright red, frothy, and accompanied by a cough. 



Treatment. — In many cases the bleeding will cease spontaneously 

 and all that is necessary is to keep the animal quiet and bathe the 

 head and nostrils with cold water. Ascertain the cause of the bleed- 

 ing and be governed accordingly in the treatment. In severe and 

 exceptional cases, where the hemorrhage is persistent and long con- 

 tinued, tie the animal's head to a high rack or beam and apply cold 

 water, ice, or have recourse to styptic injections. If the hemorrhage 

 is profuse and persistent, give either a drench composed of 1| drams 

 of acetate of lead dissolved in a pint of water or 1| drams of gallic 

 acid dissolved in a pint of water. 



LARYNGITIS (sORE THROAt). 



Laryngitis consists of an inflammation of the mucous membrane 

 lining the larynx. It may be either a primary or a secondary disease, 

 complicated or uncomplicated. In the majority of cases it is due to 

 some form of exposure, a sudden change from warm to cold surround- 



