94 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



larynx is in a temporarily relaxed state. It may be acute or chronic, 

 and is divided, according to the seat of the irLflammation, into bron- 

 chitis proper where the large tubes are affected, or capillary bron- 

 chitis where the smaller tubes are affected. 



SymptotJis. — Loss of appetite, elevation of temperature, generally 

 104° or 105° F. The inspiration is incomplete, short, and painful, 

 and the expiration is prolonged. Tlie pulse is increased in fre- 

 quency and is hard. A characteristic and painful cough is present, 

 but it is paroxysmal and incomplete. Auscultation and percussion 

 greatly aid us in a diagnosis. A normal sound is observed on per- 

 cussion. On auscultation, in the early stages, rhonchus rales are 

 detected if the larger tubes are affected, and sibilant rales if the 

 smaller tubes are affected. Later on mucous rales are noted, and 

 sometimes all sounds in certain parts are absent, which is due to 

 the plugging up of the tubes. This plugging of the tubes, if extensive 

 enough, is sometimes the cause of death, or death may result from 

 extension of the disease to the lungs or pleura. 



Treatment. — Tlie animal should be placed in a light well-venti- 

 lated box, and the bowels kept in a soft condition by enemas, etc. 

 Avoid violent purgatives. The body should be kept warm by blank- 

 eting. In the early stages give three times daily a draft composed 

 as follows: Extract of belladonna, 2 drams; solution of acetate of 

 ammonium, 4 fluid ounces; water, one-half pint. In the later stage 

 of the disease substitute the following fonnula, which may be given 

 twice daily : Carbonate of ammonium, 3 drams ; liquor hydrochlorate 

 of strychnin, 2 fluid drams; spirits of nitrous ether, 1 fluid ounce; 

 water, one-half pint. 



In some cases the following is preferable to either of the above, 

 and may be given in a pint of linseed tea every four hours : Spirits of 

 nitrous ether, 1^ ounces; aromatic spirits of ammonia, 2 ounces; 

 powdered camphor, 2 drams. The food should be light and nutri- 

 tious. 



Bronchitis is liable to assume a chronic form if not properly treated 

 in the earliest stage. Kemedial treatment is of little value when the 

 disease becomes chronic. 



Pleurisy is an inflammation of the serous membrane lining the 

 chest cavity and enveloping the lungs. It is somewhat rare as an 

 independent disease, but it often complicates pneumonia; indeed, it 

 is often due to the same germ that causes pneumonia — pneumococcus. 

 It may arise from exposure to cold or wet or from external violence, 

 and is usually present in some degree in cases where the ribs have 

 been fractured with or without a penetrated wound. 



