DISEASES OF THE URIn.^RY ORGANS. 121 



allay the coexistent higli fever. It will also serve to divert to the 

 bowels much of the irritant products already absorbed into the blood, 

 and will thus protect the kidneys. In many such cases a liberal sup- 

 ply of wholesome, easily digestible food will be all the additional 

 treatment required. In this connection demulcent food (boiled flax- 

 seed, Avheat bran) is especially good. If much blood has been lost, 

 bitters (gentian, one-half ounce) and iron (sulphate of iron, 2 drams) 

 should be given for a week. 



For cases in which excess of diuretic plants has been taken, it may 

 be well to replace the salts by 1 to 2 pints of olive oil, adding 1 ounce 

 laudanum and 2 drams gum camphor. Also to apply fomentations 

 or a fresh sheepskin over the loins. Buttermilk or vinegar, one-half 

 pint, or sulphuric acid, 60 drops in a pint of water, may also be 

 employed at intervals as injections. In cases due to sprained or 

 fractured loins, to inflamed kidneys, or to stone or gravel, the treat- 

 ment will be as for the particular disease in question. 



In hematuria from anemia (watery blood), whether from insuffi- 

 cient or badly adjusted rations or from the poisonous products of 

 fermentations in impervious or mai-shy soils, the treatment must be 

 essentially tonic and stimulating. Rich, abundant, and easily diges- 

 tible food must be furnished. The dilferent grains (oats, barley, 

 wheat, bran, rye) and seeds (rape, linseed, cotton seed) are especially 

 called for, and may be given either ground or boiled. As a bitter, 

 sulphate of quinia, one-half dram, and tincture of muriate of iron, 2 

 drams, may be given in a i)iut of water thrice a day. In some cases 

 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of oil of turpentine twice daily in milk will act 

 favorably. 



But in this anemic variety prevention is the great need. The 

 drainage and cultivation of the dangerous soils is the main object. 

 Until this can be accomplished young and newly purchased cattle, 

 not yet inured to the poisons, must be kept from the dangerous fields 

 and turned only on those which are already drained naturally or 

 artificially. Further, they should have an abundant ration in which 

 the local product of grass, hay, etc., is supplemented by grain or 

 other seeds. Another point to be guarded against is the supply of 

 water that has drained from marshes or impervious soils, rich in 

 organic matter, as such is charged with nitrites, ptomaines, ete., 

 which directly conduce to the disorder. Fence out from all such 

 waters, and supply from living springs or deep wells only. 



ALBUMIN IN THE URINE (ALBUMINURIA). 



In bloody urine albumin is always present as an important con- 

 stituent of the blood, and in congested and inflamed kidneys it is 

 present as a part of the inflammatory exudate. Apart from these, 

 albumin in the urine represents in different cases a variety of dis- 



