130 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



stock owner. The incision of the narrow nretha through the great 

 thickness of muscuhxr and erectile bleeding tissue just beneath the 

 anus is especially an operation of extreme delicacy and difficulty. 

 Drawing off the liquid through the tube of an aspirator is another 

 possible resort for the professional man. The delicate needle of the 

 aspirator is inserted in such cases through the floor of the vagina and 

 upper wall of the bladder in the female, or through the floor of the 

 rectum (last gut) and roof of the bladder in the male, or finally 

 through the lower and back part of the abdominal wall, just in front 

 of the bones of the pelvis (pubic bones), and thence through the 

 lower and anterior part of the bladder near its blind anterior end. 

 After relief has been obtained the administration of belladonna in 

 2-dram doses daily for several days will tend to prevent a recurrence 

 of the retention. 



When the body of the bladder has become benumbed or paralyzed 

 by overdistention, we may seek to restore its tone by doses of one- 

 half a dram of powdered nux vomica repeated daily, and by mus- 

 tard plaster applied over the loins, on the back part of the belly 

 inferiorly, or between the thighs. Small doses (2 drams) of balsam 

 of copaiba are sometimes useful in imparting tone to the partly 

 paralyzed organ, 



INCONTINENCE OF URINE (PALSY OF THE NECK OF THE BLADDER). 



This may occur from disease or injury to the posterior part of the 

 spinal cord or from broken back, and in these cases the tail is likely 

 to be paralyzed, and it may be also the hind limbs. In this case the 

 urine dribbles away constantly, and the oiled hand in the vagina or 

 rectum will feel the half-filled and flaccid bladder beneath and may 

 easily empty it by pressure. 



Treatment. — ^Treatment is only successful when the cause of the 

 trouble can be remedied. After these (sprains of the back, etc.) have 

 recovered, blisters (mustard) on the loins, the lower part of the 

 abdomen, or between the thighs may be resorted to with success. 

 Two drams daily of copaiba or of solid extract of belladonna or 2 

 grains Spanish flies may serve to restore the lost tone. These failing, 

 the use of electric currents may still prove successful. 



URINARY CALCULI ( STONE OR GRAVEL), 

 fPl. XI. flgs. 1.2.3.] 



Stone or gravel consists of hard bodies mainly made up of the solid 

 earthy constituents of the urine which have crystallized out of that 

 liquid at some part of the urinary passage, and have remained as 



