II 



of 



DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 187 



(Hind limb bent on itself at the hock. Hock and buttocks 

 present. 

 Hind limb bent at the hips. Buttocks present. 



Transverse Back of calf turned to the right or left side. 



Inverted Back of caif turned to the floor of the pelvis and udder. 



fHead up toward the spine, 



Back and loins 

 presented. 



Position of calf vertical. 



Position of calf transverse. 



croup toward udder. 

 Head down toward udder, 



croup toward spine. 

 I Head toward the right side, 



croup toward the left. 

 Head toward the left side, 



croup toward the right. 



{Head toward right side, 

 croup toward left. 

 HeaaLardleft side, croup 

 toward right. 



These include all general pr&sentations, yet other subsidiary ones 

 will at once occur to the attentive reader. Thus, in each anterior or 

 posterior presentation, with the back of the calf turned downward or 

 to one side, the case may be complicated by the bending back of one 

 or more members as a whole or at the joint just above the shank 

 bones (knee or hock). So also in such anterior presentation the head 

 may be turned back. 



HEAD AND FOBE FEET PRESENTED BACK TURNED TO ONE SUiE. 



The calf has a greater diameter from above down (spine to breast- 

 bone) than it has from side to side, and the same is true of the passage 

 of the pelvis of the cow, which measures, on an average, SyV inches 

 from above downward and 7f\j inches from side to side. Hence the 

 calf passes most easily with its back upward, and when turned with 

 its back to one side calving is always tardy and may be difficult or 

 impossible. The obvious remedy is to rotate the calf on its own axis 

 until its spine turns toward the spine of the cow. The operation is 

 not difficult if the body of the calf is not yet fixed in the passages. 

 The presenting feet are twisted over each other in the direction 

 desired, and this is continued until the head and spine have assumed 

 their proper place. If the body is firmly engaged in the passages the 

 skin of the whole engaged portion should be freely lubricated with 

 lard, and the limbs and bead twisted over each other as above. The 

 limbs may be twisted by an assistant where the head is manipulated 

 by the operator, who drags on the rope turned halfway round the 

 limbs and assists in the rotation with his other hand in the passages. 



HEAD AND FORE FEET PRESENTED BACK TURNED DOWN TOWARD THE 



UDDER. 



This position (PI. XVI, fig. 6) is unnatural, and the parturition is 

 difficult for tAvo reasons: First, the natural curvature of the fetus is 



