DISEASES OF THE GENEEATIVE OEGANS. 213 



Plate XIV — Continued. 



Fig. 2. Taken from Quain's Anatomy, Vol, II, showing the blood vessels 

 passing through the umbilical cord in a human fetus: L, liver; K, 

 kidney; /, intestines; U C. umbilical cord; Ua, umbilical arteries. The 

 posterior aorta coming from the heart passes backward and gives rise 

 to the internal iliac arteries, and of these the umbilical arteries are 

 branches. Uv, umbilical vein ; this joins the portal vein, passes onward 

 to the liver, breaks up into smaller vessels, which reunite in the hepatic 

 vein ; this empties into the posterior vena cava, which carries the blood 

 back to the heart. 

 Plate XV : 



Shewing the most favorable position of the calf or fetus in the womb at 

 birth, and tlie position in which it is most frequently found. This is 

 known as the normal anterior position. The back of the fetus is 

 directly toward that of the mother, the forelegs are extended back 

 toward the vulva of the mother, and the head rests between them. 

 The birth of the calf in this position usually takes place without arti- 

 ficial assistance. 

 Plate XVI : 



Fig. 1. Anterior presentation ; one fore limb completely retained. From 

 Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. The retained limb must be reached 

 if possible and brought forward joint by joint and the fetus then 

 extracted. 



Fig. 2. Anterior presentation; fore limbs bent at knee. From Fleming's 

 Veterinary Obstetrics. The limbs must be extended before delivery 

 can be accomplished. 



Fig. 3. Anterior presentation; fore limb crossed over neck. B^rom Flem- 

 ing's Veterinary Obstetrics. The leg should be grasped a little above 

 the fetlock, raised, drawn to its proper side, and extended in the genital 

 canal. 



Fig. 4. Anterior presentation; downward deviation of head. After St. 

 Cyr, from Hill's Bovine Medicine and Surgery. The head must be 

 brought into position seen in Plate XV before delivery can take place. 



Fig. -5. Anterior presentati<m ; deviation of the head upward and backward. 

 From Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. Retropulsioii is the first indi- 

 cation, and will often bring the head into its normal i)osition. 



Fig. (i. Anterior presentation ; head presenting with back down. From 

 D'Arboval, Diet, cic Med. et de Chir. The fetus should be turned by 

 pushing back the fore parts and bringing up the hind so as to make a 

 posterior presentation. 

 Plate XVII : 



Fig. 1. Anterior presentation, with hind feet engaged in pelvis. A very 

 serious malpresentation, in which it Is generally impossible to save the 

 fetus if delivery is far advanced. The indications are to force back the 

 hind feet. 



Fig. 2. Thigh and croup presentation, showing the fetus corded. From 

 Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. The cord has a ring or noose at one 

 end. The two ends of the cord are passed between the thighs, brought 

 out at the flanks, and the plain end passed through the noose at the 

 top of the back and brought outside the vulva. The fetus must be 

 pushed back and an attempt made to bring the limbs properly into the 

 genital passage. 



