214 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



Plate XVII — Continued. 



Fig. 3. Croup and hock presentation. From Fleming's Veterinary Ob- 

 stetrics. The indications in this abnormal presentation are the same 

 as described for Fig. 2. 

 , Fig. 4. Posterior presentation; the fetus on its back. From D'Arboval, 

 Diet, de Med. et de CJiir. Turn the fetus so as to make a normal 

 anterior presentation. 



Fig. 5. Sterno-abdominal presentation. From D'Arboval, Die. de Med. et de 

 Chir. The fetus is on its side with limbs crossing and presenting. The 

 limbs least eligible for extraction should be forced back into the uterus. 



Fig. 6. Dorso-lumbar presentation ; the back presenting. From D'Arboval, 

 Diet, de Med. et de Chir. The fetus must be turned so that one or the 

 other extremity can enter the passage. 

 Plate XVIII : 



Fig. 1. Twin pregnancy, showing the normal anterior and posterior presenta- 

 tions. From Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. 



Fig. 2. Abdominal dropsy of the fetus; normal presentation; fore limbs 

 corded. After Armatage. The drawing illustrates the method of punc- 

 turing the abdomen through the chest with a long trocar and cannula. 

 The fluid is represented escaping from the cannula after the withdrawal 

 of the trocar. 



Fig. 3. Tallich's short, bent, crotchet forceps. The forceps have bent and 

 toothed jaws, which are intended to take hold of the fetus where neither 

 cords nor hooks can be applied, as the ear, nose, or skin of cheek. 



Fig. 4. Clamp for ear, skin. etc. : 1-1, blades with hooks and corresponding 

 holes; 2. ring to close the blades; 3, stem with female screw for handle; 

 4, handle, which may be either straight or jointed and flexible. 

 Plate XIX : 



This plate illustrates various malformations and diseases of the fetus which 

 act as the cause of difficult parturition. 



Figs. 1, 2, 3. Represent the fetuses with portions of their bodies double. 

 Fig. 1 (from Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics), double head, neck, and 

 fore limbs. Fig. 2 (from Enoyelop. der Gesam. Thierheilkunde, 1886), 

 double head, neck, forelimbs, and body. Fig. 3 (from Fleming's Veter- 

 inary Obstetrics), double faced. 



Fig. 4. Fetus with head very much enlarged. From Fleming's Veterinary 

 Obstetrics. This affection is known as hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the 

 brain, and is due to a more or less considerable quantity of fluid in the 

 cranial cavity of the fetus. 



Fig. 5. Skull of the calf represented in Fig. 4. The roof of the skull is 

 absent. From Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. 

 Plate XX: 



Fig. 1. Long embryotome with joint. 



Fig. 2. Long sharp hook. This instrument is about 3 feet in length, includ- 

 ing the handle. Hooks of this kind, both blunt and sharp, are applied 

 directly to the fetus to assist in delivery. 



Fig. 3. Giinther's long-handled embryotome. This instrument and that rep- 

 resented in Fig. 1 are of special value in cutting through muscular tis- 

 sue and in separating the limbs from the trunk when the fetus can not 

 be removed entire. These embryotomes are usually 30 inches long, but 

 may be made either longer or shorter. 



Fig. 4. Jointed cord-carrier, used in difficult parturition to cany a cord into 

 regions which can not be reached by the arm. 



