242 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



CMS pyogenes albus)^ and in the golden and citron-yellow forms of 

 clustered globular bacteria (^Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus and 

 Staphylococcus pyogenes citreus), the formation of pus gives pre- 

 sumptive evidence of the action of one or more of these germs. So in 

 cases of mortification of the bag ; in the very occurrence there is fair 

 circumstantial evidence of the presence of erysipelas micrococcus or 

 other germ which kills the local tissues. Again, in tuberculosis 

 affecting the bag (a not uncommon condition), the active local cause 

 is without doubt the tubercle bacillus. 



It has been found that false membranes have formed in certain 

 cases of mammitis in the cow, and Klein, after inoculating the diph- 

 theria of man on the cow, found an ulcerous sore in the seat of inoc- 

 ulation and blisters on the teats and udder, in which he found what 

 he believed to be the bacillus of diphtheria. The results are doubt- 

 ful, even in the absence of false membranes. Loffler, too, in the 

 diphtheria of calves, found that the germ was more delicate and 

 longer than that of man, and that its pathogenesis for rodents was 

 less, guinea pigs having only a nonfatal abscess. The presence of 

 false membranes in one form of mammitis in cows does not neces- 

 sarily imply its communicability to man. 



It has been claimed that scarlet fever has been transmitted from 

 the cow to man, and it can not be denied that in many cases the infec- 

 tion has been disseminated through the milk. The facts, however, 

 when brought out fully have shown that in almost every case the 

 milk had first come in contact with a person suffering or recovering 

 from scarlet fever, so that the milk was infected after it left the cow. 

 The alleged exceptional cases at Hendon and Dover, England, are 

 not conclusive. In the Hendon outbreak inoculations were made on 

 calves from the slight eruption on the cow's teats, and they had a 

 dight eruption on the lips and a form of inflammation of the kidneys, 

 which Dr. Klein thought resembled that of scarlatina. The cows that 

 had brought the disease to the Hendon dairies were traced back to 

 Wiltshire, and cows were found there suffering from a similar malady, 

 but there was no sign of scarlet fever resulting. In the Dover out- 

 break the dairyman first denied any disease in his cows, and brought 

 a certificate of a veterinarian to prove that they were sound at the 

 time of the investigation ; then later he confessed that the cows had had 

 foot-and-mouth disease, and consequent eruption on the teats some 

 time before. So the question remains whether the man who denied 

 sickness in the cows to begin with, and adduced professional evidence 

 of this, did not later acknowledge the foot-and-mouth disease as a 

 blind to hide the real source of the trouble in scarlatina in his own 

 family or the family of an employee. 



In America Dr. Stickler claimed that he had produced scarlatina 

 in children by inoculation with imported virus of foot-and-mouth dis- 



