DISEASES FOLLOWING PARTUEITION. 243 



ease, but his contention is negatived by the facts that with foot-and- 

 mouth disease constantly present in Europe scarlatina does not ac- 

 company it, and that in America, with scarlatina constantly prevail- 

 ing at some point, foot-and-mouth disease is unknown except at long 

 intervals locally and as the result of the importation of infected ani- 

 mals or their products. Man is susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease, 

 but this never ai:)pears during the frequent epidemics of scarlatina. 



Among other contagious forms of mammitis I may name one which 

 I have encountered in large dairies, starting as a sore and slight 

 swelling at the opening of the teat and extending up along the milk 

 duct to the gland structure in the bag, all of which l>ex'ome indurated, 

 nodular, and painful. The milk is entirely suppressed in that quarter 

 of the bag, and from that it may extend to the others as it does from 

 cow to cow through the milker's hands. 



Another form almost universally prevalent in this district of cen- 

 tral New York in 1880 broke out over the teats and udder as blistei-s 

 strongly resembling cowpox, but which were not propagated when 

 inoculated on calvas. It was only exceptionally that this extended 

 through the teat to the gland tissue, yet in some instances the bag 

 was lost from this cause. Scarlatina in man was very prevalent at 

 the time (many schools were closed in consequence), but no definite 

 connection seemed to exist between this and the cow disease, and on 

 different dairy farms there were families of young children that had 

 never had scarlet fever and who did not at that time contract it. 



The most common cause of contagious mammitis in cattle is a 

 spherical bacterium in chain form {Streptococcus) (Moore, Ward). 

 Yet it is clear that contagious mammitis is not a single affection, but 

 a group of diseases which have this in common, that they attack the 

 udder. 



Prevention. — Prevention is to be especially sought in all such cases. 

 In purchasing new cows see that they come from a herd where the 

 teats and udder are sound. If a new cow with unknown antecedents 

 comes from a public market, let her be milked for a week by a person 

 who does not milk any other cows. Keep her in a separate stall from 

 others, so that there may be no infection from litter or flooring. 

 Wash the udder with soap and water, and wet with a solution of two 

 teaspoonfuls carbolic acid in a pint of water before letting the regular 

 milker of the other cows take her. If any cow in the herd shows the 

 indurated end of the teat or the inflammation and nodular tender 

 character of the gland, separate her at once and give her a separate 

 milker. If another cow is to be put into the stall she occupied, first 

 clean and scrape it, and wet it with a strong solution of bluestone, 

 5 ounces in a gallon of water. The milk may be drawn off with a 

 teat tube, or spring teat dilator (PL XXIV, figs. 3 and 4), and the 

 milk ducts injected frequently with a solution of peroxid of hydro- 



