266 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



One dram Dover's powder, 6 grains powdered ipecacuanha; mix, 

 divide into 10 equal parts. Injections of solutions of gum arabic are 

 often useful, and if the anus is red and excoriated, one-half dram of 

 copperas may be added to each pint of the gummy solution. All the 

 milk given must be boiled, and if that does not agree, eggs made into 

 an emulsion with barley water may be substituted. Small doses 

 (tablespoonful) of port wine are often useful from the first, and as 

 the feces lose their watery character and become more consistent, 

 tincture of gentian in doses of 2 teaspoonfuls may be given three 

 or four times a day. Counterirritants, such as mustard, ammonia, or 

 oil of turpentine, may be rubbed on the abdomen when that becomes 

 tender to the touch, 



ACUTE CONTAGIOUS SCOURING IN THE NEWBORN. 



The most violent and deadly form of diarrhea in the newboni calf 

 deserves a special mention. This may appear immediately after 

 birth, and shows itself almost invariably within the first or second 

 day. The most intense symptoms of white scour are complicated by 

 great dullness, weakness, and prostration, sunken eyes, retracted 

 belly, short, hurried breathing, and very low temperature, the calf 

 lying on its side, with the head resting on the ground, lethargic and 

 unconscious or regardless of all around it. The bowel discharges 

 are profuse, yellowish white, and very offensive. As a rule death 

 ensues within 24 to 3G hours. 



A marked characteristic of this form of illness is that it attacks 

 almost every calf bom in the herd, or in the building, rather, and if 

 the calf escapes an attack in the first two or three days of its life it 

 usually survives. Those that recover fi-om an attack, however, are 

 liable to suffer from an infective inflammation of the lungs one or 

 two weeks later. The infection clings to a stable for years, render- 

 ing it impossible in many casas to preserve and raise the calves. It 

 has frequently coincided with abortions and failures to conceive in 

 the same herd, so that it has been thought that the same infective 

 germ produces one type of abortion. On the other hand, the removal 

 of the calving cow from the herd to calve in a separate building, 

 hitherto unused and therefore uninfected, usually secures the escape 

 and surv'ival of the offspring. 



The disease has been traced by Nocard and Lignieres to a small 

 bacillus having the general characters of those which produce hemor- 

 rhagic septicemia, which is usually combined with a variety of 

 others, but is in some cases alone and in pure culture, especially in 

 the joints. The theory of Lignieres is that this bacillus is the pri- 

 mary offender, and that once introduced it so depresses the vital 

 powers of the system and tissue cells that the healthy resistance to 



