TUMORS AFPECTnTG CATTLE. 325 



much softer and are well supplied with blood vessels. It is not 

 uncommon for them to be pedunculate or stemmed, and in this case 

 considerable rotary motion o* twisting is possible. Their color is 

 cloudy gi*ay or grayish red, tvith white bands of connective tissue 

 radiating from the center. Their consistence varies. They undergo 

 upon their surfaces and within their clefts and fissures retrogressive 

 changes, softening, bleeding, or ulcerations. 



A favorite location for the papilloma in cattle is the udder and 

 teats, where they may develop in such numbers as to cover completely 

 the entire surface and make the animal troublesome to milk. The 

 sides of the head, neck, and shoulders also afford satisfactory con- 

 ditions for their growth, and are frequently seen to be affected by 

 them. 



Treatment. — Warts may be removed with the scissoi-s or twisted off 

 with the fingers or ligatured by means of a rubber band or horse- 

 hair. Their roots should then be cauterized with tincture of iron, 

 glacial acetic acid, or lunar caustic Acids should never be used in 

 removing warts about the eyes or in the mouth. Papillomas of the 

 eyelids sometimes change to cancers and should be removed by taking 

 out a wedge-shaped section of the eyelid. Young cattle should be 

 given arsenic internally in the form of Fowler's solution, 1 table- 

 spoonfid twice a day for a 6-months-old calf. 



These are usually fibromas or myxomas, occurring on the mucous 

 membrane of the nasal passages or genital tract. They grow upon 

 a narrow stem, bleed readily when injured, and often contain a 

 centc^r of thin, limpid fluid. A bloody discharge is sometimes seen 

 coming from the affected nostril, but this is not always easy of 

 detection in cattle, owing to the pliancy of their tongues and to their 

 habit of licking an irritated nostril. Usually these tumors grow 

 downward and may project from the nostril, causing snoring sounds 

 and uneasy breathing. They may occasionally force themselves back- 

 ward into the throat, where they interfere seriously with respiration, 

 the patient being obliged to breathe with an effort, and even forced 

 to cough in order to dislodge temporarily the obstruction from the 

 larynx. Such tumors, when located near the nostril, may easily be 

 removed by the use of forceps or a loop made of baling wire. Serious 

 bleeding is not liable to follow their removal, but an astringent wash, 

 such as a solution of the perchlorid of iron, if applied to the cut 

 siirface, will be found very beneficial. In case the tumor is not 

 within easy reach, the services of a qualified veterinarian should be 

 obtained to perform the necessary operation. 



