INFECTIOUS DISEASES OP CATTLE. 381 



Italy, France, Belgium, and parts of Germany, have labored long, 

 in some cases making no progress and in others being only partially 

 successful. Holland was one of the first of the thoroughly infected 

 countries to free itself from the contagion. 



In the United States, Massachusetts eradicated pleuropneumonia 

 during the period from 1860 to 1866. New York and New Jersey 

 made an attempt to eradicate it in 1879, but were not successful. 

 Late in 1883 the contagion was carried to Ohio, probably by Jersey 

 cattle purchased in the vicinity of Baltimore, Md., to which place it 

 had extended previous to 1868. From the herd then infected it was 

 spread by the sale of cattle during 1884 to a limited number of herds 

 in Illinois, to one herd in Missouri, and to two herds in Kentucky. 

 The alarm caused among the stock owners of the United States by 

 this widespread dissemination of a disease so much dreaded led to 

 the adoption of active measures for its control and eradication. By 

 cooperation between the United States Department of Agriculture 

 and the authorities of the affected States it was found possible to 

 prevent the further spread of the contagion and to eradicate it after 

 a few months' delay. 



In 1886 pleuropneumonia was discovered in some of the large dis- 

 tillery stables of Chicago and among cows on neighboring lots. This 

 Jed to renewed efforts to secure the complete extirpation of this dis- 

 ease from the country. Congress in 1887 enlarged the appropriation 

 available for this purpose, and gave more extended authority. Dur- 

 ing the same year the disease was stamped out of Chicago, and has 

 not since appeared in any district west of the Allegheny Mountains. 



The work of eradication was at the same time commenced in all of 

 the infected States. Before the end of the year 1889 Pennsylvania, 

 Delaware, Marjdand, the District of Columbia, and Virginia had been 

 freed from the disease. More difficulties, however, Avere encountered 

 in the States of New York and New Jersey, on account of the larger 

 territory infected and the density of the population. The long strug- 

 gle was crowned with success, however, and the last animal in Avhich 

 the disease appeared in the State of New York was slaughtered early 

 in 1891, and the last one affected in New Jersey met the same fate 

 early in the spring of 1892. 



During these same years a supreme effort had been made to stamp 

 out this lung plague from Great Britain. From the official reports 

 it appears that the number of infected districts and of diseased ani- 

 mals had rapidly diminished, but it was not until 1898 that the in- 

 fection was finally eradicated. 



The other infected European countries, though they maintain a 

 veterinary sanitary service, are not making satisfactory progress in 

 eradicating the disease. This is due partly to delays in carrying out 

 the provisions of the laws and partly to mistaken ideas as to the 



