INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 395 



bile is thin and water}' in consistence. The kidneys may be inflamed 

 or contain small hemorrhages within their substance or under the 

 capsule. The lymphatic glands may be swollen and injected or even 

 hemorrhagic. 



Treatment. — On account of the danger of spreading the infection, 

 neither medicinal treatment nor inoculation is permitted in European 

 countries, with the exception of Russia, where the disease is more 

 generally diffused. The most effective method of exterminating rin- 

 derpest in those districts in which the disease is not indigenous has 

 been found to be the slaughter of all affected and exposed animals. 

 AMiere the disease is general, successful efforts adopted for its con- 

 trol have followed the immunization by inoculation of the exposed 

 animals and a strict application of appropriate sanitary measures. 

 This protective inoculation has been practiced with very gratifying 

 results in Russia, South Africa, and in the Philippine Islands. An 

 active immunity is thus induced in susceptible animals which lasts 

 until the danger fi-om exposure to the disease is over. This immu- 

 nity may be attained (1) by the inoculation of pure bile from an ani- 

 mal which recently died of rinderpest, (2) by the inoculation of 

 glycerinated bile, followed by pure bile or virulent blood, or (8) 

 by the simultaneous inoculation of strong standardized serum and 

 virulent blood. 



The latter method has been adopted by the United States Govern- 

 ment in its endeavor to exterminate the disease in the Philippines, 

 and to protect the cattle and carabaos against rinderpest after their 

 importation into those islands. Owing to the existence of this and 

 other infectious diseases in the Philippine Islands, an order has been 

 issued by the Department of Agriculture prohibiting the landing of 

 any live stock or animals of any kind from the Philippines at any of 

 the ports of the United States or the dependencies thereof. This pro- 

 hibition removes the greatest source of danger to which the United 

 States is exposed as the result of its intercourse with the Philippine 

 Islands. The introduction of rinderpest from those countries from 

 which we import animals is rendered extremely improbable, espe- 

 cially in live animals, owing to its short period of incubation and to 

 the 90-day quarantine for cattle (counting fi-om date of shipment) 

 and 15-day (counting from date of landing) quarantine for sheep 

 jind other ruminants and swine which are at present enforced in the 

 United States at all ports of entry. 



FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE. 



This disease is also known as epizootic aphtha, aphthous fever, in- 

 fectious aphtha, eczema epizootica, and may be defined as an acute, 

 highly contagious fever of a specific nature, characterized by the 

 eruption of vesicles, or blisters, in the mouth, around the coronets of 

 the feet, and between the toes. 



