606 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



Emulsions of crude 'petroleum. — In the majority of cases in which 

 an oily dip is desired the best agent to use is an emulsion of crude 

 petroleum, preferably Beaumont crude petroleum. The use of the 

 emulsion makes the treatment less expensive than when the oil alone 

 is used. The emulsion is not so injurious to the cattle and is almost 

 if not quite as effective as the oil alone. The formula for preparing 

 an emulsion of crude petroleum is as follows : 



Hard soap pound— 1 



Soft or freestone water gallon 1 



Beaumont crude petroleum gallons.- 4 



Making 5 gallons of 80 per cent stock emulsion. 



When a greater quantity of stock emulsion is desired, each of the 

 quantities in the above formula should be multiplied by such a num- 

 ber as to furnish the required amount. For example, if it should be 

 convenient to mix 10 gallons at one time, the quantities would have 

 to be multiplied by 2, and if 15 gallons were desired, they would 

 have to be multiplied by 3, and so on. 



In preparing the emulsion the soap should be shaved up and placed 

 in a kettle or caldron containing the required amount of water. The 

 water should be brought to a boil and stirred until the soap is en- 

 tirely dissolved. Enough water should be added to make up for the 

 loss h^ evaporation during this process. The soap solution and the 

 required amount of oil are then placed in a barrel or some other 

 convenient receptacle and mixed. The mixing may be effected by 

 the use of a spray pump, pumping the mixture through and through 

 the pump until the emulsion is formed. A convenient and time- 

 saving method is to do the mixing in a barrel by first pouring in one 

 part of hot soap solution and then four parts of crude petroleum, 

 and repeating this until the barrel is filled. The oil should be poured 

 in with as much force as possible, and the mixture stirred constantly 

 with a long paddle until the oil is completely emulsified. The mix- 

 ing is facilitated also by dipping up the mixture and pouring it back 

 with a pail. If made properly, this stock emulsion is permanent and 

 will keep indefinitely. 



To prepare the stock emulsion for use it is diluted with water to 

 a 20 or 25 per cent emulsion. In order to obtain a 20 per cent emul- 

 sion of oil it is necessary to use 1 part of the stock emulsion to 3 

 parts of water, and for a 25 per cent emulsion 1 part of stock emul- 

 sion to 2^ parts of water. The stock emulsion is permanent, but the 

 diluted emulsion does not remain uniformly mixed, so that if allowed 

 to stand it should be thoroughly mixed by stirring before using. 

 Only rain or freestone water should be used for diluting, and if this 

 is not available the water should be " softened " by adding a sufficient 

 amount of concentrated lye, sal soda, or washing powder. Care 

 should be observed in this process not to use an excess of these prep- 

 arations. 



