INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 511 



TBEATMENT. 



When the disease has broken out, all animals, the sick as well as 

 the healthy, should at once be removed to another noninfected pas- 

 ture. While this may not cut short the disease, it may save the lives 

 of some by removing them from the possibility of being attacked by 

 more young ticks. Eemoval from infected pastures likewise prevents 

 a second later attack, in October or early in November, which is 

 caused by another generation of ticks. It is true that sick natives 

 infect with a new generation of ticks the pasture to which they are 

 removed, but these usually appear so late that they have but little 

 opportunity to do any damage. Hence, sick natives do not, as a 

 rule, cause visible disease in other natives. 



It is of importance to remove all ticks, as far as this is possible, 

 from sick animals, since they abstract a considerable amount of 

 blood and thereby retard the final recovery. 



Medical treatment of the sick has generally been unsatisfactory, 

 although in chronic cases and those occuring late in the fall bene- 

 ficial results have followed. If the animal is constipated, a drench 

 containing 1 pound of Epsom salt dissolved in 1 quart of water 

 should be administered, followed by the sulphate of quinine in doses 

 of ?>0 to 90 grains, according to the size of the animal, four times a 

 day until the system is well saturated with it. Tincture of digitalis 

 one-half ounce and whisky or alcohol 2 ounces may be combined with 

 the quinine, according to indications of individual cases. An iron 

 tonic containing reduced iron 2 ounces, powdered gentian 4 ounces, 

 powdered nux vomica 2 ounces, powdered rhubarb 2 ounces, and 

 potassium nitrate 6 ounces will be found beneficial in the convales- 

 cent stage when the fever has run its course. This tonic should be 

 given in heaping tablespoonful doses three times a day in the food. 

 Good nursing is essential in treating these cases, and the animal 

 should be given a nutritious laxative diet with plenty of clean and 

 cool drinking water and allowed to rest in a quiet place. If the 

 stable or pasture is infested with ticks, the animal should be placed 

 in a tick-free inclosure to prevent additional infestation with these 

 parasites and the introduction of fresh infection into the blood. 

 Furthermore, remove from the sick cattle all ticks that can be seen, 

 as they keep weakening the animal by withdrawing a considerable 

 quantity of blood, and thereby retard recovery. 



QUARANTINE BEGTXLATIONS. 



The sanitary' regulations issued by the Department of Agi'iculture 

 for the control of cattle shipments from the infected districts have 

 for their initial purpose the prevention of the transportation of 

 cattle ticks from infected regions to those that are not infected, either 

 upon cattle or in stock cars or other conveyer, during the season of 

 the year when infection is possible. They are based upon the fact 



