516 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



This disease is found throughout a large portion of central and 

 southern Africa, along the low-lying and swampy valleys. It has 

 never occurred in the United States, nor is it known to be present in 

 the Philippines, but its relation to surra and the possibility of its 

 appearance in one of our island dependencies are the reasons for 

 including a few^ remarks at this time. 



Symptoms. — The chief symptoms in addition to the fever, which is 

 usually about 104° to 105° F.. are the muscular wasting, progressive 

 anemia, and loss of power, together with the edema most marked 

 about the head, legs, abdomen, and genital organs. The urine is 

 yellow and turbid, and occasionally contaii;s albumin and blood. 

 There is paralysis of one or both of the hind legs, difficult urination 

 and defecation, labored breathing, discharge from the eyes and nose, 

 extreme thirst, and gi-adual extension of paralysis to other parts of 

 the body. The disease runs a chronic course, lasting from three to 

 six weeks in horses, and from one to six months in cattle. Besides 

 these animals, the mule, ass, buffalo, antelope, hyena, camel, and 

 dog contract the disease naturally, and sheep, goats, cats, and small 

 laboratory animals succumb to artificial inocidation. 



Legions. — The spleen and lymphatic glands are enlarged. There 

 are sero-fibrinous exudates in the body cavities, the liver is enlarged 

 and engorged, heart flabby, and a catarrhal condition is present in the 

 respiratory passages. Pathological changes occur in the spinal cord. 

 The finding of the ti-j^panosoma by microscopic examination of the 

 blood will be conclusive evidence for diagnosis. 



Treatment. — Treatment has not proved satisfactory. Quinine, 

 arsenic, methylene blue, and other drugs have been used, but with- 

 out success. Endeavors thus far made to produce immunity from 

 this disease have likewise been unavailing. 



CATTLE FARCY. 



This is a chronic disease of cattle occurring in France and the 

 island of Guadeloupe, West Indies. It is characterized by caseating 

 nodular swellings, first of the skin and afterwards of the superficial 

 lymphatic vessels and glands, finally proving fatal within a year by 

 extension to the viscera. The swellings rupture and discharge a 

 purulent yellowish fluid, which contains the causative organism. 

 This affection, called farcin du hoeuf by the French, resembles cuta- 

 neous glanders or farcy of horses, but is caused by an entirely different 

 organism, the streptothrix of Nocard. Moreover, cattle are immune 

 from glanders, and for this reason the name, unfortunately applied 

 to this disease, should not lead to any confusion with the cutaneous 

 glanders or farcy of horses. Although the disease has been described 

 as occurring only in Guadeloupe and France, the possibility of its 

 occurrence in our new possessions warrants its mention in this chapter. 



