528 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



about 4 inches from the bottom, aud then allow ample time to settle — from two 

 to three hours or more if necessary. When fully settled, draw off the clear 

 liquid into the dipping vat, taking care not to allow any of the sediment to 

 accompany it, as the sediment is liable to render the dip unnecessarily caustic. 

 The clear liquid thus obtained only requires the addition of sufficient clear warm 

 water to bring the total up to 100 gallons. Flowers of sulphur must be used, 

 and the lime must be of good quality. 



TOBACCO-AND-SULPHUR DIP. 



The tobacco-and-sulphur dip is made with sufficient extract of tobacco, or nico- 

 tin solution, to give a mixture containing not less than five one-hundredths of 

 1 per cent nicotin and 2 jjer cent flowers of sulphur. Sufficient nicotin would 

 therefore be furnished for 96 gallons (about 800 pounds) of dip by 1 pound of a 

 40 per cent solution of nicotin. The formula for this dip would be: Nicotin, 

 four-tenths of a pound ; flowers of sulphur, 16 pounds ; water, 96 gallons. 



To calculate how much nicotin solution or extract of tobacco should be used 

 for 96 gallons of water, divide the quantity of nicotin required in the dip by the 

 proportion of nicotin in the extract. For example, supi)ose the nicotin solution 

 contains 25 per cent nicotin, we have 0.40-^0.25=1.6. Therefore in this case it 

 would require 1.6 i>ounds of nicotin solution for the 96 gallons of dip. Or, if a 

 tobacco extract Is use<l, having for exami)le 2.4 per cent of nicotin, the formula 

 would be as follows: 0.40-K».024= 16:66, and therefore 16.66 pounds would be 

 require<l for 96 gallons of dip. Do not use any preparation the strength of 

 which is not given on the outside of the package. 



In preparing these dips the tobacco solution and sulphur should be mixed 

 together with water before adding them to the water in the dipping vat. The 

 tlip should on no account be heated above 110° F. after the nicotin solution is 

 added, as heat is liable to evaporate the nicotin and weaken the dip. 



BEAUMONT OIL EMULSION. 



Directions for making 100 gallons. — Dissolve with the aid of heat 5 pounds of 

 hard soap (ordinary laundry soaps are satisfactoi-j) in 5 gallons of soft water; 

 to this solution add 20 gallons of Beaumont crude petroleum or a similar oil 

 which may or may not contain sulphur, mixing with a spray i)ump, or otherwise, 

 in a thorough manner. To this concentrate<l emulsion add sufficient soft water 

 to bring the total up to 100 gallons, keeping the whole mass thoroughly agitated. 

 When properly prepared the concentrated emulsion will stand indefinitely with- 

 out any tendency toward a separation of the oil and water, and can be diluted iu 

 any proportion with cold soft water. 



Clio/'iopfic nuinge, due to a different species of mite from that caus- 

 ing common cattle mange, is confined almost entirely to the region at 

 the root of the tail and may persist for years if not treated. The 

 treatment is the same as for psoroptic mange. 



Demodectic m-ange. which is due to a small parasite that lives in the 

 hair follicles, causing pustules, especially on the neck and shoulders, 

 occurs occasionally among cattle in this country and is of importance 

 on account of the injury to the hide. AVhen tanned, hides infested by 

 this parasite are pitted, the pits, in some cases, being so deep that they 

 form holes. No practicable treatment is known for this disease. 



