534 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



The evening before the first treatment is to be given the animals are shut 

 up without feed or water and are dosed about 10 o'clocli the next morning. 

 Three hours later they are allowed feeil and water, and at night they are 

 again shut up without feed or water. The next morning the second dose ia 

 given, and the third morning the third dose, the treatment before and after 

 dosing being the same in each ease. The sizes of the doses are as follows: 



Calves i ounce. 



Yearling steers 1 oimce. 



The dose for each animal is measured and mixed separately in linseed oil, 

 milk, or flaxseed tea and administeiwl by means of a bottle or drenching tube. 

 Gasoline should not be given in winter. 



Other remrdics. — Many other remedies in addition to those mentioned here 

 have been used in the treatment of stomach-worm disease with more or less 

 success. Several of the coal-tar dips on the market are recommended by the 

 manufacturers for the treatment of worms, and the action of some of them is 

 much the same as that of coal-tar creosote. 



It is not the policy of the department to recommend the use of any particular 

 proprietary remetly. and as the action of some such agents is very uncertain it 



is suggested that, if it is desired to use 



_, , _ fiy (1^' '."''C--' them, they be used with caution and only 



^ O ^ Tt (^ *° accordance with the printed directions 



„ Oj) ^ ^Q ^ G> ^ Ji on the package. Whatever remedy is used 



^Q <5 ^jc.0% it is wise to test it on two or three animals 



jQ 0^0 ^Q, ^^ fs before the entire herd is dosed. 



O 



O <^% Q' ^""^ Encysted Stomach Worm (Oster- 

 ^Oq^ % ^ ^ e Q\ '^-^""^'^ ostertagi). 



Wo ^&0^ O^O^^ This parasite is as thick as a fine 



g«O^'^^'^0o<^|l hair and less than half an inch in 



length. It lives in small cysts in the 



Fig. 22. — Piece of lining of fourth ii i» .i i» j.i i. i /£• r»'^\ 



stomach, showing cysts of the en- Wall of the foiirth stomach (fig. 22) 



cysted stomach worm (Oaiertayia and is also foiind free in the cavitj 

 °* ^' °^* ■ of the stomach. When numerous, 



these parasites cause a thickening of the stomach wall and dis- 

 turb its digestive functions. These symptoms caused by this 

 parasite are very similar to those produced by the twisted stomach 

 worm. The life history of the encysted stomach worm is not known 

 in detail, but it is undoubtedly very much the same as that of tho 

 twisted stomach worm. The same measures as recommended above 

 for preventing infection with the twisted stomach worm should l)e 

 employed. Medicinal treatment is of little use, owing to the pro- 

 tected position in which the parasite occurs. 



INTESTINAL PARASITES. 



Tapeworms.' 

 Two species of tapeworms (fig. 23) are known to occur in the 

 small intestine of American cattle. They sometimes grow to a length 



1 Bulletin 4 of the Bureau of .Vnimal Industry contains a technical discussion of the 

 tapeworms of cattle, sheep, and allied animals. Bulletin 19 of the same bureau deals with 

 these and other internal parasites with particular reference to meat inspection. 



