13 



to 100° F. These, like foods given by the rectum, should only be 

 introduced after the last bowel has been emptied by the hand, or by 

 copious enemas of tepid water. Enemas or clj'sters are mostly given 

 to aid the action of physics, and should then be in quantities sufficient 

 to distend the bowel and cause the animal to eject them. Simple 

 water, salt and water, or soap and water, in quantities of a gallon or 

 more, may be given every half hour. It is best that the horse retain 

 them for some little time, as the liquid serves to moisten the dung and 

 favor a passage. Stimxilcding enemas (turpentine 2 ounces, in linseed 

 oil 6 ounces) should be administered after those already mentioned 

 have emptied the last bowel, with the purpose of still further increas- 

 ing the natural worm-like movement of the intestines and aiding the 

 purging medicine. 



Liquids may be thrown into the rectum by the means of a large syr- 

 inge, or diiferent kinds of complicated pumjis. A very good "injec- 

 tion pipe " can be made \)y any tinsmith at a trifling cost, and should 

 be constantly on hand at every stock-farm. It consists of a funnel, 

 about G inches deej) and 7 inches in diameter, which is to be furnished 

 with a pipe-like prolongation, placed at right angles to it, from 14 to 16 

 inches in length, and carefully rounded and soldered at the ends. This 

 pipe must hQ perfectly smooth, in order to x)reventinjurj^ to the rectum. 

 Introduce this pipe to its full extent, after thoroughly oiling it, and pour 

 the liquid into the funnel rapidly. The pressure of the atmosphere 

 will force the liquid into the bowels. For all ordinary purposes this 

 instrument is quite as good as the more complicated and expensive 

 ones. 



Ordinary cold water, or even ice-cold water, is highly recommended 

 by many as a rectal injection for horses overcome by the excessive heat 

 of summer, and may be given by this simple pipe. 



(6) Intra- Venous Injections. — Injections directly into veins are 

 to be practiced by medical or veterinary i)ractitioners only, as are 

 Ijrobably some other means of giving medicines — intra-trachael injec- 

 tions, etc. 



