68 



attributed to tlie greater plasticity of the horse's blood in connection 

 ■with the larger quantity of fibrine. 



The blood may be present in small clots or in more or less intimate 

 admixture with the urine. Its condition may furnish some indication 

 as to its source ; thus, if from the kidnej^s it is more likely to be uni- 

 formly diffused through the urine, while as furnished b}^ the bladder 

 or passages clots are more likely to be present. Again, in bleeding 

 from the kidney, minute cylindrical clots inclosing blood globules and 

 formed in the uriniferous tubes can be detected under the micro- 

 scope. Precision also may be approximated by observing whether 

 there is coexisting fracture, sprain of the loins, stone or tumor in the 

 bladder or urethra. 



The disease being mainlj^ due to direct injury, freatmentvrUl consist 

 first in removing such cause whenever possible, and then in applying 

 general and local styptics. Irritants in food must be avoided, sprains 

 appropriately treated, and stone in bladder or urethra removed. Then 

 give mucilaginous drinks (slippery elm, linseed tea) freely, and styp- 

 tics (tincture of chloride of iron, 3 drams; acetate of lead, one-half 

 dram; tannic acid, one-half dram; or oil of turpentine, 1 ounce). If 

 the discharge is abundant apply cold water to the loins and keep the 

 animal perfectly still. 



HEMOGLOBINURIA — AZOTURIA — AZOTAEMIA — POISONING BY 



ALBUMINOIDS. 



Like diabetes, this is rather a disease of the liver and blood-forming 

 functions than of the kidney, but as prominent symptoms are loss of 

 control over the hind limbs and the passage of ropy and dark-colored 

 urine, the vulgar idea is that it is a disorder of the urinary organs. It 

 in a complex adeetion directly connected with a plethora in the blood 

 of nitrogenized constituents, Avith extreme nervous and muscular dis- 

 order and the excretion of a dense reddish or brownish urine. It is 

 directly connected with high feeding, especially on highly nitrogenized 

 food (oats, beans, pease, vetches, cotton-seed meal), and with a period 

 of idleness in the stall under full rations. The disease is never seen 

 at pasture, rarely under constant daily work, even though the feeding 

 be high, and the attack is usually precipitated by taking the horse 

 from the stable and subjecting it to exercise or work. The poisoning 

 is not present when taken from the stable, as the horse is likely to be 

 noticeably lively and spirited, but he will usually succumb under the 

 first hundred yards or half mile of exercise. It seems as if the aspira- 

 tory power of the chest under the sudden exertion and accelerated 

 breathing speedily drew from the gorged liver and abdominal veins 

 (portal) the accumulated store of nitrogenous matter in an imperfectly 

 oxidized or elaborated condition, and as if the blood, surcharged 

 with these materials, was unable to maintain the healthy functions of 



