75 



the bend of the urethra beueatli the anus ii must be guided forward 

 hy pressure with the hand, which guidance must be continued onward 

 into the bhidder, the oiled hand being introduced into the rectum for 

 this iDurxDOse. The horse catlieter, 3|- feet long and one-third inch in 

 diameter, may be bought of a surgical-instrument maker. 



PARALYSIS OF THE BLADDER. 



Parah^sis of the body of the bladder with spasm of the neck has 

 been described under the last heading, and may occur in the same waj^ 

 from overdistension in tetanus, acute rheumatism, paraplegia, and 

 hemiplegia, in which the animal can not stretch himself to stale, and 

 in cystitis, affecting the body of the bladder but not the neck. In all 

 these cases the urine is suppressed. It also occurs as a result of 

 disease of the posterior end of the spinal marrow and with broken 

 back, and is then associated mth palsy of the tail, and it may be of 

 the hind limbs. 



The symjjtoms are a constant dribbling of urine when the neck is 

 involved, the liciuid running down the inside of the thighs and irritat- 

 ing the skin. When the neck is unaffected the urine is retained 

 until the bladder is greatly overdistended, when it may be exjjelled 

 in a gush by the active contraction of the muscular walls of the abdo- 

 men; but this never empties the bladder, and the oiled hand intro- 

 duced through the rectum ma}' feel the soft, flabby organ still half 

 full of urine. This retained urine is liable to decompose and give off 

 ammonia, which dissolves the epithelial cells, exposing the raw 

 mucous membrane, and causing the worst type of cystitis. Suppres- 

 sion and incontinence of urine are common also to obstruction of the 

 urethra by stone or otherwise ; hence this source of fallacy should be 

 excluded by manual examination along the whole course of that duct. 



Treatment is only applicable in cases in which the determining cause 

 can be abated. In remedial si^rains of the back or disease of the 

 spinal cord these must have appropriate treatment, and the urine must 

 be drawn off frequently with a catheter to prevent overdistension and 

 injury to the bladder. If the paralysis i^ersists after recovery of the 

 sjnnal cord, or if it continues after relief of spasm of the neck of 

 the bladder, apply a pulp of mustard and water over the back part 

 of the bellj' in front of the udder, and cover with a rug until the hair 

 stands erect. In the male the mustard may be applied between the 

 thighs from near the anus downward. Daily doses of 2 drams extract 

 of belladonna, or of 2 grains powdered Sijanish fly, may serve to rouse 

 the lost tone. These failing, a mild current of electricity^ daily may 

 succeed. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER — CYSTITIS — UROCYSTITIS. 



Cystitis may be slight or severe, acute or chronic, i)artial or general. 

 It may be caused by abuse of diuretics, especially such as are irritat- 

 ing (cantharides, turpentine, copaiba, resin, etc.), by the presence of 



