95 



Symptoms. — The long-continued discharge, which varies in quantity 

 according to the attendant circumstances — the cause of the trouble 

 and the part affected — will invariably indicate the disease. Great 

 caution must be exercised when examining these cases, as horses have 

 been condemned as glandered when really there was nothing more 

 ailing them than nasal gleet. This affection is not contagious, nor is 

 it dangerous, although difficult to cure in some instances. In most 

 cases the discharge is from one nostril onl}'^, which signifies that the 

 sinuses on that side of the head are affected. The discharge may be 

 intermittent, that is, quantities may be discharged at times, and again 

 little or none for a day or so. The glands under and between the 

 bones of the lower jaw may be enlarged. The peculiar ragged-edged 

 ulcer of glanders is not to be found on the membrane within the nos- 

 trils, but occasionally sores are to be seen there. If there is any 

 doubt about it, you should study well the sj'mptoms of glanders to 

 enable you to be at least competent to form a safe opinion. 



The eye on the side of the discharging nostril may have a peculiar 

 appearance and look smaller than its fellow. There may be an enlarge- 

 ment, having the appearance of a bulging out of the bone over the 

 part affected, between or below the eyes. The breath may be offensive, 

 which indicates decomi)Osition of the matter or bones, or, especially, 

 disease of the teeth. A diseased tooth is further indicated by the 

 horse holding its head to one side when eating, or dropping the food 

 from the mouth after partly chewing it. When you tap on the bones 

 between the eyes, below the ej'es and above the back teeth of the 

 upper jaw, a hollow drum-like sound is emitted, but if the sinus is 

 filled with pus or contains a large tumor the sound emitted will be the 

 same as if a solid substance were struck; by this means the sinus 

 affected may be located in some instances. The hair may be rough 

 over the affected i)art, or even the bone may be soft to the touch and 

 the i)art give somewhat to pressure, or leave an impression where it is 

 l^ressed uj)on with the finger. 



Treatment. — The cause of the trouble must be' ascertained before 

 treatment is commenced. In the many cases where the animal is in 

 poor condition (in fact, in all cases), he should have the most nutritive 

 food and regular exercise. The food, or box containing it, should be 

 l)laced on the ground, as the dependent position of the head favors the 

 discharge. 



The cases that do not require a surgical ox^eration must, as a rule, 

 have x^ersistent medical treatment. Mineral tonics are of the most 

 value. For eight days give the following mixture : Sulphate of iron, 

 3 ounces ; i)owdered nux vomica, 1 ounce ; mix and make into sixteen 

 powders. Give one powder mixed with the food twice a day. When 

 all of the foregoing has been administered the following may be tried 

 for eight days: Sulphate of copper, 4 ounces; powdered gentian, 6 

 ounces; mix and di\ide into sixteen powders. Give one on the food 



