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obstructions to breathing through the side in which they are located. 

 They vary much in size ; some are so small that their presence is not 

 manifested, while others almost completely fill up the chamber, thereby 

 causing a serious obstruction to the passage of air. The pedicel of the 

 tumor is generally attached high up in the chamber, and usually the 

 tumor can not be seen, but occasionally it increases in size until it pan 

 be observed within the nostril. Sometimes, instead of hanging down 

 towards the nasal opening, it falls back into the pharynx. It causes a 

 discharge from the nostril, a more or less noisy snuffling sound in 

 breathing, according to its size, a discharge of blood (if it is injured), 

 and sneezing. 



The side that it occupies can be detected in the same way as de- 

 scribed for the detection of the affected side when the breathing is 

 obstructed by a thickened membrane. 



The only relief is the removal of the polypus, which, like all other 

 operations, should be done by an expert when it is i^ossible to secure 

 one. The operation is jjerformed by grasping the base of the tumor 

 with suitable forceps and t^visting it round and round until it is torn 

 from its attachment. The resulting hemorrhage is checked by the use 

 of an astringent lotion, such as a solution of the tincture of iron, etc. 



PHARYNGEAL POLYPUS. 



This is exactly the same kind of tumor described as nasal polypus, 

 the only difference being in the situation. Indeed, the pedicel of the 

 tumor may be attached to the membrane of the nasal chamber as 

 before explained, or it may be attached in the fauces (opening of the 

 back part of the mouth), which is often the case, and by the body of 

 the tumor falling into the pharnyx it gets the name of pharj^ngeal 

 polypus. In this situation it may seriously interfere with breathing. 

 Sometimes it drops into the larnyx, causing the most alarming symp- 

 toms. The animal coughs or tries to cough, saliva flows from the 

 mouth, the breathing is performed with the greatest difficulty and 

 accompanied b}^ a loud noise ; the animal appears as if strangled and 

 often falls exhausted. When the tumor is coughed out of the larnyx 

 the animal regains quickly and soon appears as if nothing was ailing. 

 These sudden attacks and quick recoveries should lead to the detec- 

 tion of the trouble. The examination must be made by holding the 

 animal's mouth open with a balling iron or speculum and running 

 the hand back into the mouth. If the tumor is within reach it must 

 be removed with forceps by torsion, and the hemorrhage controlled 

 as before advised. 



BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE. 



Tliis often occurs during the course of certain diseases, viz., 

 influenza, bronchitis, purpura hemorrhagica, glanders, etc. But it 

 5961— HOR 4 



