107 



the cavity of the tympanum of the ear. They are peculiar to solii^eds. 

 Tliey contain air, except when filled Avitli pus. Their function is 

 unknown. 



One or both guttural pouches may contain pus. The symptoms are : 

 Swelling on the side below the ear and an intermittent discharge of 

 matter from one or both nostrils, especially when the head is depressed. 



The swelling is soft, and, if i:)ressed upon, matter will escape 

 from the nose if the head is dei^ressed. As before mentioned, these 

 pouches communicate with the i3harynx, and through this small ojjen- 

 ing matter may escape. A recovery is probable if the animal is turned 

 out to graze, or if he is fed from the ground, as the dependent i^osition 

 of the head favors the escape of matter from the i)Ouches. In addi- 

 tion to this, give the tonics recommended for nasal gleet. If this 

 treatment fails an operation must be i^erformed, which should not be 

 attemi)ted by anj'oue unacquainted with the anatomy of the part. 



METHODS OF EXAMINATION FOR DISEASES HAVING THEIR SEAT 

 WITHIN THE CHEST. 



To lay down a set of rules for the guidance of the general reader in 

 discriminating between the diiferent affections of the organs of res- 

 piration situated in the thoracic cavity, is a task hard to accomi)lish. 

 In the first place, it is presumed that the reader has no knowledge 

 whatever of the anatomical arrangement, and i^robably but a meager 

 idea of the jjhysiology of the organs, therefore the use of technical 

 language, which would make the task a simple one, is out of the ques- 

 tion. And, to one who scarcely understands the signs and laws of 

 health, it is difScult to convey in comprehensive language, in an arti- 

 cle like this, an adequate idea of the great importance attached to 

 signs or symptoms of disease. Then, again, the methods used for the 

 detection of symptoms not visible are such as require special culti- 

 vation of the particular senses brought into play. It will be the 

 endeavor of the winter, when describing the symptoms of each partic- 

 ular disease, to do so in such manner that a serious mistake should 

 not be made; but for the benefit of those who may desire a more 

 thorough understanding of the subject a brief review of the various 

 methods employed and an explanation of certain symptoms "vWll be 

 given here. 



Pulse. — By the pulse is meant the beating of the arteries, which fol- 

 lows each contraction of the heart. Tlie artery usually selected in 

 the horse for "taking the ijulse" is the submaxillary where it winds 

 around the lower jaw-bone. On the inner side of the jaw-bone the 

 artery may be readily felt and pressed against the bone, hence its 

 adaptability for the purpose of detecting each peculiarity. The num- 

 ber of beats in a minute, the regularity, the irregularity, the strength 

 or feebleness, and other peculiarities are principally due to the action 

 of the heart. 



