118 



medicines indicated. Brandy, whisky (or even ale or beer if nothing 

 else is at hand), ether, and tincture of arnica are "all useful. Two 

 ounces each of spirits of nitrous ether and alcohol, given as a drench, 

 diluted with a pint of water, every hour until relief is afforded, is 

 among the best of remedies. But if it takes too long to obtain this 

 mixture, give a quarter of a i)int of whisky in a pint of water every 

 hour, or the same quantity of brandy as often, or a quart of ale every 

 hour, or an ounce of tincture of arnica in a pint of water every liour 

 until five or six doses have been given. K none of these remedies are 

 at hand, 2 ounces of oil of turj^entine, shaken with a half pint of milk, 

 may be given. This will have a beneficial effect until more applicable 

 remedies are obtained. A tablespoonful of aqua ammonia (harts- 

 horn), diluted with a pint of water and given as a drench every hour, 

 has undoubtedly^ been of great service in saving life when nothing else 

 could be obtained in time to be used with benefit. If the foregoing 

 treatment fails to be followed by a marked improvement after seven 

 or eight hours' perseverance, the p*nimal may be bled from the jugu- 

 lar vein. Do not take more than 5 or 6, quarts from the vein, and do 

 not repeat the bleeding. The blood thus drawn will have a tarry 

 appearance. 



When the alarming symptoms have subsided active measures may 

 be stopped, but care must be used in the general treatment of the ani- 

 mal for several days, for it must be remembered that congestion may 

 be followed by pneumonia. The animal should have a comfortable 

 stall, where he will not be subjected to draughts or sudden changes 

 of temj)erature ; he should be blanketed and the legs kept bandaged. 

 The air should be i)ure, a plentiful supply of fresh cold water always 

 before him, and a diet composed i)rincipally of bran mashes, scalded 

 oats, and grass, if in season. When ready for use again he should at 

 first receive moderate exercise only, which may be daily increased 

 until he may safely be put at regular work. 



APOPLEXY OF THE LUNGS. 



This is but another term for congestion of the lungs, and for prac- 

 tical liurposes needs no special description, except to remark that when 

 a hemorrhage occurs during the congested state of the lungs the blood 

 escai)es from the ruptui-ed vessels and extravasates into the lung tis- 

 sue. Such cases are called pulmonary apoi^lexy, and usuallj' occui' 

 during the course of some specific disease. 



PNEUMONIA — LUNG FEVEE. 



Pneumonia may attack both lungs, but as a general rule one lung 

 only is affected, and in the great majority of cases it is the right 

 lung. The air-cells are the i^arts affected jprincipally, but the minute 

 branches of the bronchial tubes always, to a greater or less extent, 

 are iuA'^olved in the inflammation. Inflammation of the lungs occurs 



