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but persists in standing from the beginning of the attack. How e\ er, 

 if pneiinic nia is complicated with pleurisy the horse may appear rest- 

 less and lie down for a few moments to gain relief from the ijleuritic 

 pains, but he soon rises. In pneumonia the breathing is verj^ rapid, 

 and sometimes even the most negligent observer will notice that it is 

 difficult, but wlien the i^neumonia is complicated with pleurisy the 

 ribs are kept as still as possible and the breathing is abdominal, that 

 is, the abdominal muscles are now made to do as much of the work as 

 they can perform. Remember if pleurisy is not present thei*e is no 

 pain. To the ordinary observer the animal may not appear danger- 

 ously ill, as he does not show the seriousness of the ailment by vio- 

 lence, as in colic, but a careful observer will discover at a glance that 

 the trouble is something more serious than a cold. 



If the reader has practiced auscultation and percussion sufficiently 

 to discriminate the sounds, or absence of sounds, of the diseased lung 

 from the sounds of the normal lung, he may still further satisfy him- 

 self in diagnosing the ailment. When the lung is healthy, if the 

 chest is knocked on, a more or less resonant sound is emitted, accord- 

 ing to the part struck ; but when the air cells are filled with the exu- 

 date of inflammation, and the surrounding lung tissue contains the 

 exudate and extravasated blood, the air is excluded, and the part of 

 the lung thus affected is solidified; now, if the chest is struck over 

 this solidified part, a dull sound is obtained. Therefore, percussion 

 not onlj' shows that the lung is affected with pneumonia, but it points 

 to the spot affected. Moreover, if pleurisj^ exists in conjunction with 

 pneumonia, and the walls of the chest are knocked on with a view of 

 gaining information from the sounds elicited, when that part imme- 

 diately over the affected pleura is struck, the animal flinches, as the 

 blows, even if thej'^ are but moderate, cause severe pain. 



By auscultation, listening to the sounds within the chest, we gain 

 much information. When the ear is placed against the chest of a 

 healthy horse the respiratory murmur is heard more or less distinctlj", 

 according to the part of the chest that is beneath the ear. In the 

 very first stage of pneumonia this murmur is louder and hoarser; 

 and, also, there is heard a fine crackling sound something similar to 

 that produced when salt is thrown in a fire. After the affected part 

 becomes solid there is an absence of sound over that particular 

 part. After absorption begins, you mil again hear sounds, which 

 gradually change until the natural sound is heard announ.cing the 

 return of health. 



When a fatal termination is approaching all the symptoms become 

 intensified. The breathing becomes still more rapid and difficult; the 

 flanks heave; the j)oor animal stares wildly about as if imiDloring aid 

 to drive off the terrible feeling of suffocation ; the body is bathed with 

 the sweat of death ; he staggers, but quickly recovers his balance ; he 

 may now, for the first time during the attack, lie down; he does so, 



