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however, in the hope of relief, which he fails to find, and with difQ- 

 culty struggles to his feet; he pants; he heaves; the nostrils flap; he 

 staggers and sways from side to side and backwards and forwards, but 

 still tries to retain the standing position, even by propping himself 

 against the stall. It is no use, as after a fearful and agonizing fight 

 for breath, he goes down ; still instinct with the desire to live he makes 

 a few ineffectual efforts to breathe, which only result in a horrible 

 wheezing, gasping noise ; the limbs stretch out and become rigid, and — 

 he rises no more. A bystander breaks the silence with the remark, 

 "He died hard. " Such is the usual death scene when caused by pneu- 

 monia. It amounts to a veritable struggle against suffocation. Death 

 ensues usually in from ten to twenty days after the beginning of the 

 attack. On the other hand when the disease is terminating favorably 

 the signs are obvious. When the fever abates the animal gradually 

 improves in appetite ; he takes more notice of things around him ; his 

 spirits improve; he has a general appearance of returning health, and 

 he lies down and rests easy. In the great majority of cases pneu- 

 monia, if properlj^ treated, is by no means a fatal disease. 



Treatment. — The general outline of the treatment is much the same 

 as advised for bronchitis. The comfort and siTrroundings of the 

 patient must be attended to first. The cxuarters should be the best 

 that can be provided. Pure air is essential. Avoid placing the ani- 

 mal in a stall where he ma}' be exposed to draughts of cold air and 

 sudden changes of temperature. Some authorities state that such 

 exposure is not harmful after pneumonia has set in, but nevertheless 

 the reader is advised to pursue the conservative course and not to 

 experiment. When making the stable comfortably^ warm do not pre- 

 vent the access of pure air. It is much better for the animal if the 

 air is cold and pure than if it is warm and foul. It is better to make 

 the animal comfortable with warm clothing than to make the stable 

 warm by shutting off the ventilatioji. The animal should have an 

 unlimited supply of fresh cold drinking water from the start. Blanket 

 the body. Rub the legs until they are warm and then i^ut bandages 

 on them from the hoofs up as far as thej^ are cold. If warmth can not 

 be re-established in the legs by hand-rubbing alone, apply the lini- 

 ment as recommended in the treatment of bronchitis. 



The bandages should be removed once or twice every day, the legs 

 well rubbed, and the bandages reapplied. Rub well over the affected 

 side an application of the liniment mentioned in the treatment of sore 

 throat. The application may be repeated in four or five days. Do 

 not use mustard; no doubt about its acting, and acting quicklj', too, 

 but experience teaches that it is not so good as something less irritat- 

 ing and more prolonged in its beneficial effects. Much harm is often 

 done by clipping off hair and rubbing in powerful escharotic blister- 

 ing compounds. They do positive injury and retard recovery, and 

 should not be allowed. Much benefit }nay be derived from hot appli- 

 cations to the sides of the chest if the facilities are at hand to apply 



