130 



pint. Also give 1 dram of iodide of potassium dissolved in the drink- 

 ing-water an lio\ir before feeding, every night and morning for a week 

 or two. 



Hydro-thorax is sometimes difficult to overcome by means of the 

 use of medicines alone, when an operation called paracentesis thoracis 

 is performed. In i)lain language this means tapping the chest to 

 allow an escape for the accumulated fluid. The operation is per- 

 formed with a combined instrument called tlie trocar and canula. 

 The puncture is made in the lower part of the chest, in the space 

 between the eighth and ninth ribs. Wounding of the intercostal 

 arteiy is avoided by inserting the instrument as near as possible to 

 the anterior edge of the rib. If the operation is of benefit it is only 

 so when performed before the strength is lowered beyond recovery. 

 The operation merely receives a passing notice here, as it is not pre- 

 sumed that the non-professional will attempt it, although it is attended 

 with little danger or difficulty in the hands of the exj)ert. 



We have described bronchitis, pneumonia, and x^leuris}' mainly as 

 thej' occur as independent diseases, and have treated them in a way 

 that an intelligent i:)erson can not possibly do harm. While it is true 

 much more might have been said in regard to the different stages and 

 tyi^es of the affections, and also in regard to the treatment of each 

 stage and each particular type, the jilan adopted is considered the 

 wisest on account of simplifying as much as possible a subject of 

 which the reader is supi^osed to know very little, if anjiihing. 



A few words will now be devoted to these affections as thej' occur, 

 when two or more exist at the same time and in the same animal. 



PLEURO-PNEUMONIA. 



The disease is so called when the animal is affected with pleurisy 

 and pneumonia combined, which is most frequently the case. At the 

 beginning of the attack only one of the affections maj^ be present, but 

 the other soon follows. It has already been stated that the pleura is 

 closely adherent to the lung. The pleura on this account is fre- 

 quently more or less affected by the spreading of the inflammation 

 from the lung tissue. There is a combination of the symptoms of 

 both diseases, but to the ordinary- observer the symptoms of pleurisy 

 are the most obvious. The course of treatment to be pursued differs 

 in no manner from that given for the affections when they occur inde- 

 X)endently. The symj^toms will be your guide as to the advisability 

 of giving oil and laudanum for the pain if the pleurisy is very severe. 

 Do not resort to it unless it is necessary to allay the pain. 



BROXCHO-PLEURO-PNEUMONIA. 



This Is the term or terms applied when bronchitis, pleurisy, and 

 pneumonia all exist at once. This is bj' no means a common occur- 

 rence. However, it is impossible for one who is not an expert to diag- 

 nose the state with certainty. The apparent symptoms are the same 

 as when the animal is affected with pleuro-imeumonia. 



