172 



remove the superfluous parts, in Avhich case the general pi-incii3les 

 employed for einhryotoniy must be followed. The C?esarian section, 

 by which the f(etus is extracted through an incision in the walls of 

 the abdomen and womb, is inadmissible, as it practically entails the 

 sacrifice of the mare, Avhich should never be done for the sake of a 

 monster. See "Embryotomy." 



ENTRANCE OF TWINS INTO THE PASSAGE AT ONCE. 



Twins are rare in the mare, and still more rare is the impaction of 

 both at once into the pelvis. The condition would be easily recog- 

 nized by the fact that two fore limbs and two hind would occupy the 

 passage at once, the front of the hoofs of the fore feet being turned 

 upward and those of the hind feet downward. If both belonged to 

 one foal they would be turned in the same direction. Once recog- 

 nized, the condition is easily remedied by passing a rope with a run- 

 ning noose round each foot of the foal that is farthest advanced or 

 that promises to be most easily extracted, and to push the members 

 of the other foetus back into the depth of the womb. As soon as the 

 one foetus is fully engaged in the j)assage it will hold its place and its 

 delivery will i)roceed in the natural way. 



TABLE OF WRONG PRESENTATIONS. 





?^ cb S 



Incompletely extended. Flexor tendons short- 

 ened. 



Crossed over the neck. 



Bent back at the knee. 



Bent back from the shoulder. 



Bent downward on the neck. 



Head and neck turned back beneath the breast. 



Turned to one side. 



Turned upward and backward on the back. 



Hind-limbs Hind feet engaged in the pelvis. 



Transverse Back of foal to side of pelvis. 



Inverted Back of foal to floor of pelvis. 



TT- IT 1, ( Bent on itself at the hock. 



Hmd-hmbs -j gg^^ .^^ ^i^g i^^jj 



Transverse Back of foal to side of pelvis. 



Inverted Back of foal to floor of pelvis. 



\ With back and loins presented. 



'/ With breast and belly presented. 



Fore-limbs. 



Head 



Transverse presentation of body. 



FORE-LIMBS INCOMPLETELY EXTENDED. 



Incases of this kind, not only are the back tendons behind the knee 

 and shank-bone unduly short, but the sinew extending from the front 

 of the slioulder-blade over the front of the elbow and down to the head 

 of the shank-bone is also shortened. The result is that the fore-limb 

 is bent at the knee and the elbow is also rigidly bent. The condition 

 obstructs parturition by the feet becoming pressed against the floor of 

 the pelvis or by the elbow pressing on its anterior brinu Relief is to 

 be obtained by forcible extension. A rope with a running noose is 

 passed around each fetlock and a repeller (see Plate VIII), planted in 



