175 



turned to one side, the liead being perhaps entirely out of reach. 

 (Plate XIII, Fig. 1.) To bring forward the head it may be desirable 

 to lay the mare on the opposite side to that to which the head is 

 turned, and even to give chloroform or ether. Then the feet being 

 noosed, the body of the foetus is pushed by the hand or repeller for- 

 ward and to the side opposite to that occupied by the head until the 

 head comes within reaeh, near the entrance of the pehis. If such 

 displucement of the foetus is diflficnlt, it may be facilitated by a free 

 use of oil or lard. When the nose can be seized it can be brought into 

 the passage as when the head is turned down. If it can not be reached 

 the orbit may be availed of to draw the head forward unt^ the nose 

 can be seized or the lower jaw noosed. In very diificult cases a rope 

 maj- be passed around the neck by the hand, or with the aid of a curved 

 carrier (Plate VIII), and traction may be made upon this while the 

 body is being rotated to the other side. In the same way, in bad cases, 

 a hooli may be fixed in the orbit or even between the bones of the 

 lower jaw to assist in bringing the head up into i^osition. Should all 

 fail, the amputation of the fore-limbs may be resorted to as advised 

 under the last heading. 



HEAD TURXED UPWAED OX THE BACK. 



This differs from the last mal-presentation only in the direction of 

 the head, which has to be sought above rather than at one side, and is 

 to be secured and brought forward in a similar manner. (Plate XIII, 

 Fig. 2.) If a rope can be passed around the neck it will prove most 

 effectual, as it naturally slides nearer to the head as the neck is 

 straightened, and ends by bringing the head vrithin easy reach. 



HIND FEET ENGAGED IN THE PELVIS. 



In this case fore-limbs and head present naturally, but the hind- 

 limbs bent forward from the hip and the loins arched allow the hind 

 feet also to enter the x)assages, and the farther labor advances the 

 more firmly does the body of the foal become wedged into the pelvis. 

 (Plate XII, Fig. 2. ) The condition is to be recognized by introducing 

 the oiled hand along the bellj' of the foetus, when the hind feet will be 

 felt advancing. An attempt should at once be made to push them 

 back, one after the other, over the brim of the j)elvis. Failing in this, 

 the mare may be turned on her back, head down hill, and the attempt 

 renewed. If it is possible to introduce a straight rope carrier, a noose 

 passed through this may be jjut on the fetlock and the repulsion 

 therebj^ made more effective. In case of continued failure the ante- 

 rior presenting part of the body may be skinned and cut off as far 

 back toward the pelvis as possible (see "Embryotomy"); then nooses 

 are placed on the hind fetlocks and traction is made upon these while 

 the quarters are pushed back into the womb. Then the remaining 

 portion is brought away by the posterior pi-esentation. 



