177 



HIND PRESENTATION WITH LEGS BENT FORWARD FROM THE HIP. 



This is merely an aggravated form of the presentation last de- 

 scribed. (Plate XII, Fig. 1.) If the mare is roomy a rope maybe 

 passed around each thigh and the bod}- pushed up"\Yard and forward, 

 so as to bring the hocks and heels upward. If this can be accom- 

 plished, nooses are placed on the limb farther and farther down until 

 the fetlock is reached and brought into position. If failure is met 

 with, then amputation at the hips is the dernier ressort. 



HIND PRESENTATIONS WITH THE BACK TURNED SIDEW^AYS OR 



DOWNWARD. 



These are the counterparts of similar anterior presentations and are 

 to be managed in the same way. 



PRESENTATION OF THE BACK. 



This is rare, yet not unknown, the foal being bent upon itself with 

 the back, recognizable by its sharp row of spines, presented at the en- 

 trance of the pelvis, and the head and all four feet turned back into the 

 womb. (Plate XI, Fig. 1.) The bodj- of the foetus may be extended 

 across the opening transversely so that the head corresponds to one 

 side (right or left), or it may be vertical with the head above or below. 



In any such position the object should be to push the body of the 

 foetus forward and uj)ward or to one side, as may best promise to 

 bring up the fore or hind extremities, and bring the latter into the 

 passage so as to constitute a normal anterior or posterior presentation. 

 This turning of the foetus may be favored by a given position of the 

 mother, by the free use of oil or lard on the surface of the foetus, and 

 by the use of a propeller. 



PRESENTATION OF BREAST AND ABDOMEN. 



This is the reverse of the back presentation, the foal being extended 

 across in front of the pelvic opening, but with the l)elh^ turned toward 

 the passages and with all four feet engaged in the passage. (Plate XI, 

 Fig. 2. ) The most j^romising course is to secure the hind feet with 

 nooses and then j)ush the fore feet forward into the womb. As soon as 

 the fore feet are pushed forward clear of the brim of the pelvis, trac- 

 tion is made on the hind feet so as to bring the thighs into the pas- 

 sage and prevent the re-eutrance of the fore-limbs. If it prove diffi- 

 cult to push back the fore-limbs a noose may be passed around the 

 fetlock of eacli and the cord drawn through the eye of a rope carrier, 

 by means of which the members may be easily jjushed back. 



EMBRYOTOMY. 



This consists in the dissection of the fcetus so as to reduce its bulk 

 and allow of its exit through the pelvis. The indications for its 



