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circularly around the lower jjart of the face or at the front of the ears, 

 according to the amount of head protriiding. Then an incision is 

 made backward along the line of the throat, and tlie skin dissected 

 from the neck as far back as possible. Then the muscles and other 

 soft parts of the neck are cut across, and the bodies of two vertebrse 

 (neck bones) are severed by cutting completely across the cartilage 

 of the joint. The bulging of the ends of the bones will serve to indi- 

 cate the seat of the joint. The head and detached portion of the 

 neck may now be removed by steady pulling. If there is still an 

 obstacle the knife may be again used to sever any obstinate connec- 

 tions. In the ease of a double-headed monster, the whole of the 

 second neck must be removed with the head. When the head has 

 been detached a rope should be passed through the eye-holes, or 

 through an artificial opening in the skin, and tied firmly around the 

 skin, to be employed as a means of traction when the missing limbs 

 or the second head have been brought up into position. 



Amputation of the hind-Jinih. — This maybe required when there 

 are extra hind-limbs, or when the hind-limbs are bent forward at hock 

 or hip joint. In the former condition the procedure resembles that 

 for removal of a fore-limb, but recxuires more anatomical knowledge. 

 Having noosed the i)astern, a circular incision is made through the 

 skin around the fetlock, and a longitudinal one from that uj) to the 

 groin, and the skin is dissected from the limb as high up as can be 

 reached, over the croup if possible. Then cut through the muscles 

 around the hip joint, and, if possible, the two interarticular ligaments 

 of the joint (pubio-femoral and round), and extract the limb by strong 

 dragging. 



"In case the limb is bent forwarel at the hock, a rope is passed 

 round that and pulled so as to bring the point of the hock between 

 the lii)S of the vulva. The hamstring and the lateral ligaments of 

 the liock are now cut through, and the limbs extended by a rope tied 

 round the lower end of the long bone above (tibia). In case it is still 

 needful to remove the upper part of the limb, the further procedure 

 is the same as described in the last paragraph. 



In case the limb is turned forward from the hip, and the foetus so 

 wedged into the passage that turning is impossible, the case is very 

 difficult, I have repeatedlj'^ succeeded by cutting in on the hip joint 

 and disarticulating it, then dissecting the muscles back from the 

 upper end of the thigh bone. A noose was placed around the neck 

 of the bone and j)ulled on forcibly, while any unduly resisting struc- 

 tures were cut with the knife. 



Cartwright recommends to make free incisions round the hip joints 

 and tear through the muscles when they can not be cut; then Avith 

 cords round the pelvic bones, and hooks inserted in the openings in 

 the floor of the pelvis to drag out the pelvic bones; then put cords 

 around the heads of the thiuh bones and extract them: then remove 



