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ceases. If tlie rupture is one of a small artery and the extravasation 

 limited, sudden paralysis of some part of the bod}^ is the result. The 

 extent and location of the paralysis depend upon the location within 

 the l)rain vdiich is functionally deranged hy the j)ressure of the 

 extra vasated blood; hence these conditions are very variable. 



In the absence of any premonitory symptoms or an increase of tem- 

 perature in the early stage of the attack we may be reasonably certain 

 in making the distinction between this disease and congestion of the 

 brain or sunstroke. 



Pailiology. — In apoi^lexy we are generally able to find an atherom- 

 atous condition of the cerebral vessels with weakening and degener- 

 ation of their walls. When a large artery has been ruptured it is 

 usually followed by immediate death, and large rents may be found in 

 the cerebrum, with great destruction of brain tissue, induced by the 

 forcible j)ressure of the liberated blood. In small extravasations i^ro- 

 ducing local paralysis without marked general disturbance, the animal 

 may recover after a time; in such cases gradual absorption of the clot 

 takes X)lace. In large clots atroijhj' of the brain substance may follow, 

 or softening and abscess from want of nutrition may result, and render 

 the animal worthless, ultimately resulting in death. 



Treatment. — Place the animal in a quiet, cool place, avoid all stimu- 

 lating food. Administer, in his drinking water or feed, 2 drams of the 

 iodide of potassa twice a day for several weeks if necessary. Medical 

 interference Avith sedatives or stimulants is more apt to be harmful 

 than of benefit, and blood-letting in an aj)oplectic fit is extremelj^ haz- 

 ardous. From the fact that cerebral apoplexj'- is due to diseased or 

 weakened blood-vessels, the animal remains subject to si:bsequent 

 attacks. 



COMPRESSION OF THE BRAIX. 



Causes. — In injuries from direct violence a piece of broken bone 

 may press uj)on the brain, and according to its size the brain is robbed 

 of its normal space within the cranium. It may also be due to an 

 extravasation of blood or to exudation in the subdural or arachnoid 

 spaces. Death from active cerebral congestion results through com- 

 pression. The occurrence may sometimes be traced to the direct cause, 

 which will give assurance for the correct diagnosis. 



Symptoms. — Impairment of all the special senses and localized 

 paralysis. All the sj'mptoms of lessened functional activity of the 

 brain are manifested to some degree. The paral3^sis remains to be 

 our guide for the location of the cause, for it will be found that the 

 paralysis occurs on the opposite side of the bod}' from the location of 

 the injurj^^ and the parts suffering paralysis will denote, to an expert 

 veterinarian or physician, the part of the brain which is suffering 

 compression. 



Treatment. — Trephining, hy a skillful operator, for the removal of 

 the cause when due to depressed bone or the presence of foreign bodies. 



