207 



parts to AvhicTi such a nerve is distril)iited. Apoplexj' may be termed 

 a general i)aralysis, and in non-fatal attacks is a frequent cause of 

 the various forms of palsy. 



GENERAT. PARALYSIS, 



This can not take place without i)roduciug immediate death. The 

 term is, however, usuallj' applied to paralysis of the four extremities, 

 whether any other portions of the body are involved or not. This 

 form of palsy is due to comT)ression of the brain bj- congestion of its 

 vessels, large clot formation in apoplexj-, concussion or shock, or any 

 disease in which the whole brain structure is involved in functional 

 disturbance. 



HEMIPLEGIA — PARALYSIS OF ONE SIDE OR HALF OF THE BODY. 



Hemiplegia is frequently the result of a tumor in the lateral ventri- 

 cles of the brain, softening of one hemisiDhere of the cerebrum, pres- 

 sure from extravasated blood, fracture of the cranium, or it may be 

 due to jjoisons in the blood, or to reflex origin. When hemiplegia is 

 due to or the result of a prior disease of the brain, especially of an 

 inflammatory character, it is seldom complete; it may only affect one 

 limb and one side of the head, neck, or muscles along the back, and 

 may pass off in a few days after the disappearance of all the other 

 evidences of the i^rimarj^ affection. In the majority of cases, how- 

 ever, hemii^legia arises from emboli obstructing one or more blood- 

 vessels of the brain, or the rupture of some vessel the wall of Avhich 

 had become weakened by degeneration and the extravasation of blood. 

 Sensibility in most cases is not impaired, but in some there is a loss of 

 sensibility as well as of motion. In some cases the bladder and rectum 

 are involved in the paralysis. 



Sijinptoins. — In hemiplegia the attack ma}* be verj' sudden, and the 

 animal fall down powerless to move one side of the body; one side of 

 the lips will be relaxed; the tongue may hang out on one side of the 

 moutlv; the tail curved around sidewaj's; an inability to swallow food 

 or water may be present, and often the urine dribbles away as fast as 

 it collects in the bladder. Sensibility of the affected side may ])e 

 entirely lost or only partial; the limbs may be cold, and sometimes 

 unnaturally warm. In cases wherein the attack is not so severe the 

 animal may be able to maintain the standing position, but will have 

 great difiiculty in moving tlie affected side. In such cases the animal 

 may recover from the disability. In the more severe, where there is 

 complete loss of the power of movement, recoveries are rare. 



PARAPLEGIA — TRANSVERSE PARALYSIS OP THE HIXD EXTREMITIES. 



Paralysis of the hind extremities is usually due to some injury, or 

 inflammation affecting the spinal cord. (See "Spinal Meningitis" 

 and " 313-elitis. "') It nuiy also be due to a reflex irritation from disease 



