265 



TUMOR OF THE HAW — CARIES OP THP] CARTILAGE. 



Though cruelly excised for alleged "hooks," when itself perfectly- 

 healthy in the various diseases which lead to retraction of the eye into 

 its socket, the haw may, like other bodily structures, be itself the seat 

 of actual disease. The i^igmentary black tumors of white horses and 

 soft (encephaloid) cancer may attack this iDart primarilj^ or extend to 

 it from the eyeball or eyelids; hairs have been found growing from its 

 surface; and the mucous membrane covering it becomes inflamed in 

 common with that covering the front of the eye. These inflamma- 

 tions are but a phase of the inflammation of the external structures 

 of the eye, and demand no particular notice nor specia.1 treatment. 

 The tumors lead to such irregular enlargement and distortion of the 

 haw that the condition is not to be confounded with the simple pro- 

 jection of the healthy structure over the e^^e when the lids are pushed 

 apart with the finger and thumb, and the same remark applies to the 

 ulceration or caries of the cartilage. In the latter case, besides 

 the swelling and distortion of the haw, there is this peculiarity, 

 that in the midst of the red inflamed mass there appears a white line 

 or mass formed by the exposed edge of the ulcerating cartilage. The 

 animal having been thrown and properly fixed, an assistant holds the 

 eyelids apart while the operator seizes the haw with forceps or hook 

 and carefully dissects it out with blunt-pointed scissors. The eye is 

 then covered with a cloth kept wet with an eye wash, aA for external 

 ophthalmia. 



OBSTRUCTION OF THE LACHRYMAL APPARATUS — WATERING EYE. 



The escape of tears on the side of the cheek is a symptom of exter- 

 nal inflammation of the eye, but it may also occur from any disease 

 of the lachrymal apjDaratus which interferes with the normal j)rogress 

 of the tears to the nose. Hence, in all cases when this symptom is 

 not attended by special redness or swelling of the eyelids, it is well 

 to examine the lachrymal apparatus. In some instances the orifice 

 of the lachrymal duct on the floor of the nasal chamber and close to 

 its anterior outlet will be found blocked bj^ a portion of dry muco 

 purulent matter, on the removal of which tears may begin to escape. 

 This implies an inflammation of the canal, which may be helped by 

 occasional sponging out of the nose with warm water, and the appli- 

 cation of the same on the face. Another remedy is to feed warm 

 mashes of wheat bran from a nose-bag, so that the relaxing effects of 

 the water vapor may be secured. 



The two lachrymal openings, situated at the inner angle of the eye, 

 may fail to admit the tears by reason of their deviation outward in 

 connection with eversion of the lower lid, or by reason of their con- 

 striction in inflammation of the mucous membrane. Tlie lachrymal 

 5901— HOR 9* 



