438 



to aoeiiraulate on the skin nor on the narness pressing on it. The 

 exposure of the affected heels to damp, mud, and.snow, and above all 

 to melting snow, should be guarded against; light, smooth, well-fitting 

 harness must be secured, and where the saddle or collar irritates an 

 incision should be made above and one below the part that chafes, 

 and the padding between having been removed, the lining should be 

 beaten so as to make a hollow. A zinc shield in the npper angle of 

 the collar vdll often prevent chafing in front of the withers. 



Wash the chafed skin and apply salt water (one-half ounce to the 

 quart), extract of witch-hazel, a weak solution of oak bark or cam- 

 phorated spirit. If the surface is raw nse bland powders, as oxide 

 of zinc, lycopodinm, starch, or smear the surface ^vith vaseline, or 

 with 1 ounce vaseline intimately mixed with one-half dram each of 

 su-ar of lead and opium. In cases of chafing rest must be strictly 

 enjoined Where there is constitutional disorder or acrid sweat 1 

 ounce cream of tartar or a teaspoonf ul of bicarbonate of soda may 

 be given twice daily. 



CONGESTION, Vs^ITH SMALL PIMPLES— PAPULES. 



Ill this affection there is the general blush, heat, etc., of erythema, 

 to-ether with a crop of elevations from the size of a poppy-seed to a 

 coffee-bean, visible when the hair is reversed or to be felt with the 

 finger where the hair is scanty. In white skins they vary fi-om 

 the palest to the darkest red. All do not retain the papular type, but 

 some o-o on to form blisters (eczema, bullae), or pustules, or dry up 

 into scales, or break out into open sores, or extend into larger swellings 

 (tubercles). The majority, however, remaining as pimples, charac- 

 terize the disease. Whenveryitchytherubbingbreaksthemopen,and 

 the resulting sores and scales hide the true nature of the eruption. 



The general and local cau.^es may be the same as for erythema, and 

 in tlie same subject one porti(m of the skin may have simple conges- 

 tion and another adjacent papules. As the inflammatory action is 

 more pronounced, so the irritation and itching are usually greater, 

 the animal rubbing and biting himself severely. This itching is 

 especially severe in the forms which attack the roots of the mane 

 and tail, and there the disease is often so persistent and troublesome 

 that the horse is rendered virtually useless. 



The bites of insects often produce a papular eruption, but in many 

 such cases the swelling extends wider into a button-like elevation, one- 

 half to an inch in. diameter. The same remarks apply to the effects 

 of the poison ivy and poison sumac. 



In papular eruption first remove the cause, then apply the same gen- 

 eral remedies as for simple congestion. In the more inveterate cases 

 use a lotion of one-half ounce sulphide of potassium in 2 quarts water, 

 to which a little castile soap has been added.. Or use a wash with one- 

 liaU- ounce oil of tar, 2 ounces castile soap, and 20 ounces water. 



