450 



mnseles, or with the bones, and is thus bound in its phace as a per- 

 sistent source of irritation. The horn-like slough may thus involve 

 the superficial part of the skin only, or the ^vhole thickness of the 

 skin, and even of some of the structures beneath. The first object 

 is to'remove the dead irritant by dissecting it off with a sharp knife, 

 after which the sore may be treated with simple wet cloths or a weak 

 carbolic acid lotion, like a common wound. If the outline of the 

 dead mass is too indefinite, a linseed-meal poultice will make its out- 

 hne more e\ident to the operator. If the fascia or bone has become 

 gangrenous the dead portion must be removed with the horn-like 

 skin. During and after treatment the horse must be kept at rest or 

 the harness must be so adjusted that no pressure can come near the 

 affected parts. 



WARTS. 



These are essentially a morbid overgrowth of the superficial papil- 

 lary layer of the skin and of the investing cuticular layer. They are 

 mostly seen in young horses, about the lips, eyelids, cheeks, ears, 

 beneath the bellv, and on the sheath, but may develop anywhere. 

 Thesmallerones may be clipped off with scissors and the raw surface 

 cauterized with bluestone. The larger may be sliced off with a sharp 

 knife or if with a narrow neck they maybe twisted off and then cau- 

 terized. If very vascular they may be strangled by a wax thread or 

 cord tied around the neck, at least three turns being made round and 

 the ends being fixed bypassing them beneath the last preceding turn 

 of the cord, so that they can be tightened day by day as they slacken 

 by shrinkage of the tissues. If the neck is too broad it may be trans- 

 fixed several times with a double-threaded needle and then be tied in 

 sections Very broad warts that can not be treated m this way may 

 be burned down to beneath the surface of the skin with a soldering 

 bolt at a red heat and any subsequent tendency to overgrowth kept 

 down by bluestone. 



BLACK PIGMENT TUMORS— MELANOSIS. 



These are common in gray and white horses on the naturally black 

 parts of the skin at the root of the tail, around the anus, vulva, 

 udder, sheath, eyelids and lips. They are readily recognized by their 

 inky-black collar, which extends throughout the whole mass. Ihey 

 may appear as simple pea-like masses, or as multiple tumors aggre- 

 gating many pounds, especially around the tail. In the horse these 

 are usually simple tumors, and may be removed with the knife. In 

 exceptional cases they prove cancerous, as they usually are in man. 



EPITHELIAL CANCER— EPITHELIOMA. 



This sometimes occurs on the lips at the angle of the mouth, and 

 elsewhere in the horse. It begins as a small wart-like tumor, which 

 grows slowlv at first, but finally bursts open, ulcerates and extends 



