455 



as its congener {Hypoclerma horis) does in the ox, and the resulting 

 larva? pass the winter in little rounded sacks beneath tlie integument, 

 furnished with a central opening, through which the mature larva 

 escapes in early summer and develops into a &y. In districts where 

 they exist the grubs should be pressed out of the skin and destroyed 

 in tlie course of the winter. 



LARVA (grubs) OX THE SKIX — FLY-BLOW. 



The following flies, among others, deposit their eggs on open sores 

 or on wet filthy parts of the skin, where their larvae or grubs give rise 

 to serious trouble: Lucilia Ccesar (blue bottle), Lucilialiominivorax 

 (screw- worm fly), Musca romiforia (meat fly), and Sorcopliaga car- 

 naria (flesh-fly). To xjrevent their attacks wet, filthy hair should be 

 removed and wounds kept clean, and rendered antiseptic by a lotion 

 of carbolic acid 1 part, water 50 parts; by a mixture of 1 ounce oil of 

 tar in 20 ounces sweet oil, or some other antiseptic. If the grubs are 

 already present they should be picked off and one of these dressings 

 freely applied. 



FLIES. 



A number of flies attack horses and suck their blood, producing 

 great annoyance, and in some Instances death. These insects not onlj^ 

 suck the blood, but also often instil an acid poison into the skin, and 

 in exceptional cases transfer infectious germs from animal to animal 

 by inoculation. 



Various devices are resorted to to prevent the attacks, as to sponge 

 the skin with a decoction of walnut or elder leaves, of tobacco, to dust 

 with Persian insect j)owder, to keep a light blanket or fly-net on the 

 horse, to close doors and windows with fine screens and destroy by 

 pyrethrum anj^ flies that have gained admission, to remove all manure 

 heaps that would prove breeding places for flies, to keep the stalls 

 clean, deodorize hj gypsum and to spread in them trays of dry chlo- 

 ride of lime. For the poisoned bites apply ammonia, or a solution of 

 1 part of carbolic acid in 20 parts of sweet oil or glycerine, or one- 

 fourth ounce bicarbonate of soda and 1 dram of carbolic acid in a 

 quart of water may be used. 



STINGS OF BEES, WASPS, AND HORNETS. 



These are much more irritating than the bites of flies, partly because 

 the barbed sting is left in the wound, and i^artly because of the amount 

 and quality of the venom. When a swarm attacks an animal the result 

 may prove fatal. 



Treatment consists in the application of wet clay, or of a lotion of 

 soda or ammonia, or of carbolic acid, or of sugar of lead 2 drams, 

 laudanum 1 ounce, and water 1 pint. The embedded stings should 

 be extracted with fine forceps or even with the finger nails. 



