530 



This treatment consists in an artificial cultivation of the virus of 

 anthrax in broths, jellies, or other media, and in the treatment of it 

 by means of continued exposure to the atmosphere or to a high tem- 

 I)erature for a 'certain length of time, which weakens the virus to such 

 an extent that it is onlj^ capable of j)roducing an ephemeral fever in 

 the animal in which it is inoculated, and which yet has retained a suffi- 

 cient amount of its power to protect the animal from inoculation of 

 a stronger virus. The production of this virus, which is carried on in 

 some countries at the expense of the government and is furnished at a 

 small cost to the farmers in regions where the disease prevails, in this 

 country is made only in private laboratories. 



GLANDERS. 



Synonyms: Glanders, Farcy, One form of Nasal (rZee/, English; 

 Malleus Inimidus, Equina nasalis. Equina apostematos, Latin; Rotz, 

 Botzkrankheif, German; Siwf, Yerroting, Dutch; Moccio, Ciamorro, 

 Italian; Muermo, Spanish; 3forve, Farcin, French. 



Definilion. — Let it be understood at the outset that glanders and 

 farcy are one and the same disease, differing onl}'^ in that the first 

 term is applied to the disease when the local lesions i)redominate in 

 the internal organs, especially in the lungs and the air tubes; and 

 that the second term is applied to it when the principal manifestation 

 is an outbreak of the lesions on the exterior or skin of the animal. 

 The term glanders applies to the disease in both forms, while the term 

 farcy is limited to the visible appearance of external trouble only; 

 but in the latter case internal lesions always exist, although they may 

 not be evident. 



Glanders is a contagious constitutional disease of the genus equus 

 (the horse, ass, and mule), readilj^ communicable to man, sheep, 

 goats, to dog, the cat, the rabbit, and Guinea pig. It runs a variable 

 course until it produces the death of the animal affected with it. It is 

 characterized b}^ the formation of neoplasms of connective tissue, or 

 tubercles which degenerate into ulcers from which exudes a peculiar 

 discharge. It is accomT)anied by a variable amount of fever accord- 

 ing to the rapidit}' of its course. It is subject to various complications 

 of the lymphatic glands, of the lungs, of the testicles, of the internal 

 organs, and of the subcutaneous connective tissue. 



History. — Glanders is one of the oldest diseases of which we have 

 definite knowledge in the history of medicine. Absyrtus, the Greek 

 veterinarian in the army of Constantino the Great, described this dis- 

 ease with considerable accuracy and recognized the contagiousness of 

 its character. Another Greek veterinarian, Yegetius Renatus, who 

 lived in the time of Theodosius (381 A. D.), described under the name 

 of malleus liumidus a disease of the horse characterized by a nasal 

 discharge and accompanied by superficial ulcers. He recognized the 

 contagious properties of the discharge of the external ulcers, and 



