531 



recommended that all animals sick with the disease should be sepa- 

 rated at once with the greatest care from the others, and should be 

 pastured in separate fields for fear the other animals should become 

 affected. 



In 1682 Solh'sel, the stable master of Louis XIV, published an 

 account of glanders and fare}-, which he considered closelj^ related to 

 each other, although he did not recognize them as identical. He 

 admitted the existence of a virus which communicated the disease 

 from an infected animal to a sound one. He called special attention 

 to the feed-troughs and water-buckets as being the medium of conta- 

 gion. He divided glanders into two forms, one malignant and con- 

 tagious, and the other benign, and he stated that there was always 

 danger of infection. 



Garsault, in 174G, said "that as this disease is communicated ver3^ 

 easilj-, and can infect in a very short time a prodigious number of 

 horses by means of the discharges which may be licked up, animals 

 infected with glanders should be destroyed." 



Bourgelat, the founder of veterinary schools, in his "Elements of 

 Hippiatary," published in 1755, establishes glanders as a virulent 

 disease. Extensive outbreaks of glanders are described as prevailing 

 in the great armies of continental Europe and England from time to 

 time during the periods of all the wars of the last few centuries. 



Glanders was imported into America at the close of the last century, 

 and before the end of the first half of the present century had spread 

 to a considerable degTee among the horses of the Middle and immedi- 

 ately adjoiiiing Southern States. This disease was unknown in Mexico 

 until carried there during the Mexican war by the badly diseased 

 horses of the United States Army. D uring the first half of the present 

 century a large school of A'eterinarians and medical men protested 

 against the contagious character of tliis disease, and prevailed by their 

 opinion to such an extent against the common opinion that several of 

 the governments of Europe undertook a series of experiments to deter- 

 mine the right between the contesting parties. 



At the veterinary school at Alfort, and at the farm of Lamirault 

 in France several hundred horses Avhich had i^assed examination as 

 sound had placed among them glandered horses under various condi- 

 tions. The results of these experiments proved conclusively the con- 

 tagious character of the di.sease. 



In 1881 Professor Bouchard, of the faculty of medicine in Paris, 

 assisted by Drs. Capilan and Charrin, undertook a series of experi- 

 ments with matter taken from the farcy ulcer of a human being. 

 They afterward continued their experiments with matter taken from 

 animals of the equine genus. In 1883 these gentlemen presented the 

 results of their researches to the Academy, through Prof essors Bouley 

 and Vulpiam, conclusively demonstrating that the disease was caused 

 by a bacterium or low order of parasitic organism, which is capable 



