539 



On healing, tlie clianeres on the mucous membranes leave small, 

 whitish, star-shaped scars, hard and indurated to the touch, and 

 which remain for almost an indefinite time. The chancres heal and 

 tlie other local symptoms disappear, Avith the exception of the enlarge- 

 ment of the glands, and we find these so diminished in size that 

 they are scarcely perceptible on examination. During the subacute 

 attacks, Avith a minimum quantity of local troubles, in chronic glan- 

 ders and in chronic farcy the animal rarely shows any amount of 

 fever, but does have a general depraved appearance; it loses flesh 

 and becomes hidebound; the skin becomes dry and the hairs stand 

 on end. There is a cachexia, however, which resembles greatly that 

 of any chronic, organic trouble, but is not diagnostic, although it has 

 in it certain appearances and conditions which often render the animal 

 suspicious to the eye of the expert veterinarian, while without the 

 presence of local lesions he would bo unable to state on what he has 

 based his opinion. 



Acute glanders. — In the acute form of glanders we luive the symp- 

 toms which we have just studied in chronic farcy and in chronic 

 glanders in a more acute and aggravated form. We have a rapid out- 

 break of tubercles in the respiratory tract which rapidly degenerate 

 into chancres and pour out a considerable discharge from the nostrils. 

 We have a cough of more or less severity according to the amount 

 and site of the local eruption. "We have over the surface of the body 

 swellings which are rapidly followed by farcy buttons, which break 

 into ulcers; we have the indurated cords and enlargement of the 

 lymphatics. 



Bleeding from the nose, sudden swelling of one of the hind legs, 

 and the swelling of the testicles are apt to precede an acute eruption 

 of glanders. As the symptoms become more marked the animal has dif- 

 ficulty of respiration, the flanks heave, the respiration becomes rapid, 

 the pulse becomes quickened, and the temperature becomes elevated 

 to 103°, 104°, or 105° F. 



With the other symptoms of an acute fever the general appearance 

 an<l station of the animal is that of one suffering from an acute pneu- 

 monia, but upon examination, while we may find sibilant and mucous 

 rales over the side of the chest, and may possibly hear tubular mur- 

 murs at the base of the neck overthe trachea, we fail to find the tubu- 

 lar murmur or the large area of dullness on percussion over the sides 

 of the chest which belongs to simi^le pneumonia. 



The post-mortem examination of the lungs shows that the pneu- 

 monia of glanders is a lobular, V-shaped pneumonia scattered 

 Ihrough the lungs and caused by the specific inflammatory process 

 taking place at the divergence of the smaller air tubes of the lungs. 

 In some cases of acute glanders the formation of tubercles may so irri- 

 tate the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and cause such a 

 profuse discharge of muco-purulent or purulent matter that the 

 ^Decifie character of the original discharsre is entirelv masked. In 



