541 



In one case which came nnder the observation of the writer a lame 

 horse was destroj^ed and found to have a large abscess of the bone of 

 the arm, with old tubercles of the lungs. When an animal has died 

 immediately after an attack of a primary acute case of glanders, we 

 find small V-shaped spots of acute pneumonia in the lungs. If the 

 animal has made an apparent recovery from acute glanders, and in 

 cases of chronic farcy and chronic glanders no matter how few the 

 external and visible symptoms may have been, there is a deposit of 

 tubercles — small, hard, indurated nodes of new connective tissue to 

 be found in the lungs. When these have existed for some time we 

 may find a deposit of lime salts in them. These indurated tubercles 

 retain the virus and their power to give out contagion for almost an 

 indefinite time, and predispose to the causes which we have studied 

 as the common factors in developing a chronic case into an acute case; 

 that is, ah inflammatory process wakens up their vitality and produces 

 a reinfection of the entire animal. The blood of an animal suffering 

 from chronic glanders and farcy is not virulent and is unaltered, but 

 during the attack of acute glanders, while the animal has fever, the 

 blood becomes virulent and remains so for a few days. 



Treatment. — Fully the entire list of drugs in the pharmacopoeia have 

 been tested in the treatment of glanders. Good hygienic surroundings, 

 good food, with alteratives and tonics, frequently ameliorate the symp- 

 toms and often do so to such an extent that the animal would pass the 

 examination of any expert as a perfectly sound animal. But while in 

 this case the number of tubercles of the lungs, which are invariably 

 there, may be so few as not to cause sufiicient disturbance in the res- 

 piration as to attract the attention of the examiner, they exist, and 

 will remain there almost indefinitely with the constant possibility of a 

 return of acute symptoms. 



In several celebrated cases horses which have been affected with 

 glanders have been known to work for years and die from other causes 

 without ever ha%ing had the return of symptoms; but, allowing that 

 these cases may occur, they are so few and far between, and the dan- 

 ger of infection of glanders to other horses and to the stable attend- 

 ants is so great, that no animal which has once been affected with the 

 disease should be allowed to live. 



In all civilized countries, with the exception of some of the States in 

 the United States, the laws are most stringent regarding the prompt 

 declaration on the part of the owner and attending veterinarian at the 

 first suspicion of a case of glanders, and they allow a liberal indemnity 

 for the animal. When this is done, in all cases the animal is destroyed 

 and the articles with which it has been in contact are thoroughly dis- 

 infected. When the attendants have attempted to hide the presence of 

 the disease in a community, punishment is meted to the owner, attend- 

 ing veterinarian, or other responsible parties. Several States have 

 passed excellent laws in regard to glanders, but with few exceptions 



