CHRONIC CATARRH ( NASAL GLEET). 109 



Other but less frequent causes for this affection are : Fractures of 

 the bones that involve the membrane of the sinuses, and even blows 

 on the head over the sinuses. Diseased teeth often involve a sinus 

 and cause a fetid discharge from the nostril. Violent coughing is 

 said to have forced particles of food into the sinus, which acted as a 

 cause of the disease. Tumors growing in the sinuses are known to 

 have caused it. It is also attributed to disease of the turbinated 

 bones. Absorption of the bones forming the walls of the sinuses has 

 been caused by the pressure of pus collecting in them and by tumors 

 filling up the cavity. 



Symjytoms. — Great caution must be exercised when examining these 

 cases, for the horse may have glanders, while, on the other hand, 

 horses have been condemned as glandered when really there was 

 nothing ailing them but nasal gleet. This affection is not contagious. 

 It may stubbornly resist treatment and last for a long time. In 

 most cases the discharge is from one nostril only, which may signify 

 that the sinuses on that side of the head are affected. The discharge 

 may be intermittent, that is, quantities may be discharged at times 

 and again little or none for a day or so. Such an intermittent dis- 

 charge usually signifies disease of the sinuses. The glands under 

 and between the bones of the lower jaw may be enlarged. The pecul- 

 iar ragged-edged ulcer of glanders is not to be found on the mem- 

 brane within the nostrils, but occasionally sores are to be seen there. 

 If there is any doubt about it, study well the symptoms of glanders 

 to enable you to be at least competent to form a safe opinion. 



The eye on the side of the discharging nostril may have a peculiar 

 appearance and look smaller than its fellow. There may be an 

 enlargement, having the appearance of a bulging out of the bone 

 over the part affected, between or below the eyes. The breath may 

 be offensive, which indicates decomposition of the matter or bones, 

 or disease of the teeth. A diseased tooth is further indicated by the 

 horse holding his head to one side when eating, or by dropping the 

 food from the mouth after partly chewing it. ^^Tien you tap on 

 the bones between the eyes, below the eyes, and above the back teeth 

 of the upper jaw, a hollow, drumlike sound is emitted, but if the 

 sinus is filled with pus or contains a large tumor the sound emitted 

 will be the same as if a solid substance were struck; by this means 

 the sinus affected may be located in some instances. The hair may 

 be rough over the affected part, or even the bone may be soft to 

 the touch and the part give somewhat to pressure or leave an impres- 

 sion where it is pressed upon with the finger. 



Treatment. — The cause of the trouble must be ascertained before 

 treatment is commenced. In the many cases where the animal is in 

 poor condition (in fact, in all cases) he should have the most nutri- 



